地铁运行引起建筑物振动及二次噪声的数值分析  

Numerical Analysis of Building Vibration and Secondary Noise Induced by Subway Operation

作　　者：张思莹 靳伟江 石焕文[1] ZHANG Si-ying;JIN Wei-jiang;SHI Huan-wen(School of Science,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学理学院,西安710064

出　　处：《淮阴工学院学报》2023年第1期70-81,共12页Journal of Huaiyin Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11804029)。

摘　　要：地铁运行引起的建筑物振动和二次结构噪声问题被大量居民投诉,为了给解决这一问题提供参考,本文以西安某建筑物为研究对象,在大型有限元软件ANSYS和声学软件Virtual Lab中分别建立隧道—土体—建筑物三维有限元模型和建筑物边界元模型,结合实测数据验证模型的正确性,采用直接边界元法重点分析建筑物内二次结构噪声响应以及声场分布,并通过改变建筑物吸声条件,以更便捷的方式达到降噪目的。结果表明:建筑物内的振动和噪声都随着楼层增加,先减小后增大;建筑物全反射时,内部声压级在水平和纵向呈对称分布;与建筑物全反射相对比,吸声系数主要对40 Hz之后频率成分起作用;地面铺设陶粒吸声砖,墙壁为砖墙(抹灰)时,建筑物各层等效A声级可降低6.8~8.8dB,解决了实测数据超过噪声限值的问题,满足了国家规范。With the rapid development of subway in China,the residents have more and more complaints about the vibration and noise problems.And most of them study the secondary noise of the structure mainly by the actual measurement method and formula method,which is not conducive to the investigation of the sound field distribution and parameter changes in buildings.Therefore,taking a building in Xi'an as an example,a tunnel-soil-building 3D model and a building boundary element model are established in the finite element software ANSYS and the acoustic software Virtual Lab,respectively.After verifying the correctness of the models by combining the measured data,with the direct boundary element method,the paper plays emphases on the secondary structure noise in the building and achieving noise reduction in a more convenient way by changing the sound absorption conditions of the building.It shows that the vibration and noise in the building decrease first and then increase with the increase of floors.When the building is fully reflected,the internal sound pressure level is symmetrically distributed horizontally and longitudinally.Compared with the full reflection of the building,the absorption coefficient mainly acts on the frequency components after 40 Hz.When the floor is paved with vitrified acoustic tiles and the walls are brick walls(plaster),the equivalent A sound level of each floor of the building decreases by 6.8~8.8dB,which solves the problem that the measured data exceeds the noise limit and meets the national standard.

关 键 词：地铁 二次结构噪声 有限元 边界元 吸声系数 

分 类 号：TU112.3[建筑科学—建筑理论] U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]