人体肠道微生物运用于法医个体特征刻画的研究进展  

Research Progress of Human Gut Microbiome for Forensic Personal Characterization

作　　者：顾浩宇 王双双 宋凤 王阮妍 周玉翔 孙超然 罗海玻[1] GU Haoyu;WANG Shuangshuang;SONG Feng;WANG Ruanyan;ZHOU Yuxiang;SUN Chaoran;LUO Haibo(West China School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic Medicine,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院,成都610041

出　　处：《刑事技术》2023年第2期121-127,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81772030)

摘　　要：肠道是人类第一大微生物库,植生有包括细菌、病毒、真菌、古菌和真核生物等大量微生物。这些微生物数量多、时间稳定性好、有较强的个体特异性。在过去的十年中,基于高通量测序的微生物组学研究的爆炸性进展催生了很多新发现、新技术,昭示肠道微生物具有成为新型法医个人识别生物标记的潜质。本文通过详细阐释人类肠道微生物的组成与特征、常见的分子标记如16S rRNA基因、ITS等及检测方法,综述了人体肠道微生物与性别、身体质量指数、饮食、年龄、地理位置、种族、疾病等个体特征的关系及其研究进展,分析了利用人体肠道微生物进行个体特征刻画的应用潜力和个体识别的可能性,可为人体肠道微生物的研究与应用提供参考。Human intestinal tract accommodates the most varieties and quantity of microbes in human body,establishing the colonies of bacteria,viruses,fungi,archaea and eukaryotes that have come into being the so-called human gut microbiome(HGM).Evidently,HGM is characteristic of enormous amount of microbes,long-duration stability and liability of individual specificity,hence making it promising to arise as a novel biomarker for forensic personal identification.Factually,the explosion of microbiomics research occurred along with the availablity of high-throughput sequencing in the last decade so that the resulting novel discoveries and technologies inspired forensic scientists to seek the adequacy of practical utilization.This article tried to expatiate the characteristics of HGM and microbial molecular markers like 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer(ITS),illustrate the metagenomics sequencing and detection methods for common bacteria,viruses,fungi,archaea and eukaryotes,consequently having HGM reviewed about its research progress in relations to individual characteristics of gender,body mass index,diet,age,geographic location,race and disease.The applicable potential was therefore analyzed for HGM to play role into personal characterization and even the individual identification.Some references ought to be provided for the interested investigators.

关 键 词：法医学 肠道微生物 微生物多样性 个体特征刻画 

分 类 号：DF795.2[医药卫生—法医学]