随附与涌现概念下的个体主义与集体主义之争  

Reconsidering the Debate between Individualism and Collectivism:With Notions of Supervenience and Emergence

作　　者：黄翔[1] HUANG Xiang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院科学哲学和逻辑学系,200433

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2023年第2期3-17,F0002,共16页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“作为一种自然化科学哲学的历史知识论研究”(18BZX041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：方法论个体主义与方法论整体主义(集体主义)的二元划分是社会科学哲学中一个重要的争论焦点,许多方法论和本体论问题围绕着这个划分展开。20世纪下半叶,一些学者从心灵哲学、语言哲学和科学哲学中引入了“随附”和“涌现”概念重新考察这个二元划分,发现在两个看似不兼容的立场中可以找到一系列中间立场。这种概念层面上的变革为我们重新思考社会科学的方法论和本体论问题提供了更为有效也更为灵活的分析工具。The dichotomy between methodological individualism and methodological collectivism has been a controversial topic in contemporary philosophy of social science,as many methodological and ontological problems are involved in it.In the second half of the 20th century,some scholars have borrowed from philosophy of mind,philosophy of language and philosophy of science the notion of supervenience and of emergence to reconsider this dichotomy,and open up the possibilities of finding middle grounds between the two positions previously considered as incompatible.This conceptual modification and innovation have provided to us more effective and more flexible tools to analyze methodological and ontological issues in social sciences.

关 键 词：方法论个体主义 方法论集体主义 随附 涌现 社会科学哲学 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]