甲卡西酮使用人群中焦虑及抑郁症状特征及危险因素分析  

Characteristics and risk factors of symptoms of depression and anxiety among methcathinone users

作　　者：王云鹤 王刚 李娟 卢擎东 连智[1] 穆悦[1] 刘志民[1] 史庆国 鲍彦平[1,2] WANG Yun-he;WANG Gang;LI Juan;LU Qing-dong;LIAN Zhi;MU Yue;LIU Zhi-min;SHI Guo-qing;BAO Yan-ping(School of Public Health,Peking University,Bejing 100191,China;National Institute on Drug Dependence,Peking University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research,Beijing 100191,China;Daxinzhuang Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center in Changzhi,Changzhi 046100,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191 [2]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所药物依赖性研究北京市重点实验室,北京100191 [3]山西省大辛庄戒毒所,山西长治046100

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2023年第1期39-44,50,共7页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82171514);十三五国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0706200)。

摘　　要：目的了解甲卡西酮滥用人群的流行病学特征及该人群中焦虑/抑郁症状的特征。方法对来自山西省某强制隔离戒毒所中主要滥用物质为甲卡西酮的人群进行横断面调查,并对该人群中焦虑及抑郁症状患病率及其影响因素进行分析。本研究分别采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和BECK抑郁自评量表(BDI)评估调查对象的焦虑及抑郁症状。结果本次研究共纳入767名研究对象,以已婚、低学历男性为主;12.6%的调查对象有多药滥用经历,且有48.4%的调查对象有甲卡西酮依赖;分别有15.3%和49.2%的甲卡西酮滥用者存在焦虑及抑郁症状。多因素logistic回归分析显示曾使用过2种及以上的合成毒品(aOR=2.13,95%CI:1.26-3.61)、甲卡西酮依赖(1.77,1.13~2.78)及抑郁症状(1.67,1.10-2.54)是焦虑症状的危险因素,而参加过戒毒治疗(0.42,0.27-0.64)是焦虑症状的保护因素;甲卡西酮的累计使用时间(>24个月)(1.41,1.01-1.96)及焦虑症状(1.71,1.14-2.55)是抑郁症状的危险因素。结论甲卡西酮滥用后可导致焦虑及抑郁等精神症状,近一半的甲卡西酮使用者停止使用甲卡西酮后会出现抑郁症状,近六分之一的使用者会出现焦虑症状。应采用控制甲卡西酮滥用及采取戒毒治疗等措施改善甲卡西酮使用者的精神症状。Objective To assess the epidemic characteristics of the methcathinone abusers,and the characteristics and risk factors of symptoms of depression and anxiety among methcathinone users in China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among subjects who have primarily used methcathinone in compulsory detoxification in Shanxi province.Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)were employed to assess the symptoms of depression and anxiety.Results 767 methcathinone users were included in this study.12.6%of the participants had experienced polydrug abuse,and 48.4%participants were diagnosed as methcathinone dependence;15.3%and 49.2%methcathinone users had symptoms of depression and anxiety,respectively.According to multiple logistic regression analysis,polydrug use,methcathinone dependence and depressive symptoms were risk factors for anxiety symptoms with adjusted odds ratios(aORs)of 2.13(95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.26-3.61),1.77(1.13-2.78),1.67(1.10-2.54),respectively;cumulative use time of methcathinone and anxiety symptoms were were risk factors for anxiety symptoms with adjusted odds ratios of 1.41(1.01-1.96)and 1.71(1.14-2.55).Conclusion Methcathinone abuse may lead to symptoms of depression and anxiety,with nearly half of methcathinone abusers having anxiety and depressive symptoms after abstinence.These findings suggest that measures including reduction in methcathinone use and participation in drug treatment should be taken to improve the psychological symptoms of methcathinone users.

关 键 词：甲卡西酮 焦虑症状 抑郁症状 危险因素 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]