认识情态词“应该”和“可能”的连用及语义组合的方式  

Stacking and semantic combinations of epistemic modals yinggai(应该) and ke'neng(可能) in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：沈园 陈婷 SHEN Yuan;CHEN Ting

机构地区：[1]复旦大学外国语言文学学院,上海 [2]香港城市大学语言学及翻译系,中国香港

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第2期151-162,254,255,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：“教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目”(19JZD010)的资助。

摘　　要：本文通过语料库搜索和可接受度判断测试,证实认识情态词“应该”和“可能”可以连用并允许两种组合形式,尝试消除存在已久的语言事实认定上的分歧。借助诊断测试方法,我们区分了连用形式中命题和言者承诺层面的“可能”,避免以往主客观情态概念描述标准上的不确定性。基于命题层面和言外之力层面的区分以及常态判断、理想世界的概念,本文刻画“可能”和“应该”的语义,揭示情态词连用情况下语义组合的不同方式和复杂性。Based on corpus data and acceptability judgment tests,this paper claims that epistemic modals yinggai(应该) and ke'neng(可能) can occur in combined forms as either yinggai ke'neng or ke'neng yinggai.Excluding the elusiveness of objective/subjective modality by linguistic diagnostics,this paper distinguishes ke'neng on two levels:the propositional ke'neng modifying the possibility of a proposition and the illocutionary ke'neng modifying the speaker's commitment strength.The former is used in yinggai ke'neng and the latter in ke'neng yinggai.As for yinggai,there are two indications based on normality judgments and the notion of ideal world.The yinggai in yinggai ke'neng suggests the truth value of p0 in ideal worlds whereas the one in ke'neng yinggai indicates the truth value of p=1 with stronger commitment strength of the speaker.By examining the interaction between ke'neng and yinggai in combined forms as well as their semantic contribution,the paper sheds light on the complexity of the formation of modal stacking.

关 键 词：认识情态 应该 可能 言外之力 承诺强度 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]