微小型仿生扑翼飞行器研究进展及关键技术概述  

Overview of development and key technologies of bionic flapping wing micro aerial vehicles

作　　者：贺媛媛[1] 韩慧 王琦琛 赵辛敉 张航 He Yuanyuan;Han Hui;Wang Qichen;Zhao Xinmi;Zhang Hang(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081

出　　处：《战术导弹技术》2023年第1期39-50,共12页Tactical Missile Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11972079)。

摘　　要：基于飞行生物扑翼的运动和气动特性而设计的微小型仿生扑翼飞行器在低雷诺数飞行条件约束下具有传统固定翼和旋翼无法比拟的气动和机动性优势,自20世纪末开始受到持续关注。对仿鸟扑翼飞行器的研究进展和相关成果进行了概述,包括基于周期拍动体涡流理论的鸟类扑翼飞行机理及最优推进效率的拍动模式,与昆虫扑翼追求高升力的飞行机理相区别,重点介绍了扑翼传动机构、尾翼控制、起降等关键技术,并提出了微小型仿生扑翼飞行器研发和应用面临的主要瓶颈问题和发展趋势。A bionic flapping wing micro aerial vehicle(MAV) developed by mimicking flying animals wing motion and aerodynamic characteristics has aerodynamic and agile superiority over the conventional fixed-wing and rotorcraft especially at low Reynold number.It hence has attracted consistent attentions since the end of 20th century.The key technology development and main achievement of the bionic flapping wing MAV with a focus on the bird-like MAV is summarized.The summary includes the wake mechanism and vortex shedding theory of an oscillating body for maximum efficiency of thrust,which is different from high lift mechanisms of insect wings,and the technology development of transmission mechanism,empennage control,take-off and landing.A vision is provided on the key technology threshold and development trend for bird-like flapping wing MAV.

关 键 词：微小型飞行器 仿生扑翼 飞行机理 传动机构 尾翼控制 起降 

分 类 号：V276[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]