科学之于文学:“抗拒”抑或“接纳”?——论浪漫主义与自然科学之关系及其他  

On the Relationship between Romanticism and Natural Science

作　　者：蒋承勇 Jiang Chengyong

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学西方文学与文化研究院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2023年第3期146-155,282,共11页Social Science Front

基　　金：浙江省社会科学基金重大项目(22YSXK03ZD)。

摘　　要：经历了17、18世纪自然科学与理性精神持续发展与张扬,19世纪浪漫主义以反叛现代文明的姿态应运而生,以文学“革命”的方式向艺术本位复归,其主要目标是让文学从科学理性、社会政治理性及功利主义的束缚中挣脱出来,因此,浪漫主义与生俱来有抗拒科学与理性的一面。但是,浪漫派又对科学有着浓厚的兴趣,不同程度地肯定其积极作用,并从中汲取知识、方法及理念,借以激发艺术灵感、更新创作题材与技巧。在此意义上,科学助推了浪漫主义文学思潮的发生与发展,浪漫派与科学有难以割断的精神联系;它对启蒙运动造成的科学与理性崇拜予以反拨,并朝着张扬人的感性本质的方向发展,使启蒙时期的自由主义和个性解放思想在另一层面上得以延伸与发展,而且一直延续到唯美主义等19世纪末的文学及20世纪现代主义文学之中。西方文学史发展的事实证明,科学之于文学是抗拒与接纳的辩证统一。After the flourishing development of natural science and rational spirit in the 17th and 18th centuries,ro⁃manticism with rebellious spirit against modern civilization emerged responsively in the 19th century and marked the return to art itself in the way of literary“revolution”,the major goal of which was to free literature from the domination of scientific rationality,social political rationality and utilitarianism.Therefore,to science and reason the romantics are inherently resistant.The romanticists,however,are also deeply interested in sci⁃ence and variously affirm its positive contributions,and obtain knowledge,methods and ideas from it,so as to spark artistic inspiration and update the theme and technique of literary creation.Science,in this sense,has boosted the emergence and development of the literary trend of romanticism and there is a unbreakable spiritual bond between the two;It resists the worship of science and reason generated by the Enlightenment,and moves in the direction of promoting the human nature of sensibility,not only making liberalism and liberating thought of the individual in the Enlightenment period extend and develop on another level,but also carrying them into literary trends like aestheticism in the late 19th century and modernism in the 20th The facts from the develop⁃ment of western literary history prove that literature and science are dialectical unity of resistance and accept⁃ance.

关 键 词：浪漫主义 自然科学 理性 感性 跨学科 

分 类 号：I109.9[文学—世界文学]