我国食物对外依存度现状与供应保障路径研究  

Research on the Current Situation of China's Food Dependence on Foreign Countries and the Supply Guarantee Path

作　　者：曾伟[1] Zeng Wei(China Grain Research and Training Center,Beijing,100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国粮食研究培训中心,北京100872

出　　处：《新疆农垦经济》2023年第3期1-10,共10页Xinjiang State Farms Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(项目编号:21ZDA059);国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:71873139);国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:71773137)。

摘　　要：入世以来,我国食物生产并未因进口冲击而出现下滑,呈全面增长态势。与此同时,我国各类食物净进口量不断增长,部分食物对外依存度不断提高。从土地密集型食物看,谷物对外依存度总体控制在10%以内,三大主粮仍以国内供应为主;油脂油料和食糖对外依存度明显提高,特别是大豆和植物油供应高度依赖国际市场。从劳动密集型食物看,肉类对外依存度总体低于10%,但牛肉对外依存度较高;奶产品对外依存度总体不足7%,但奶粉、奶油和奶酪高度依赖进口;水果、蛋、蔬菜和水产品基本完全自给。产需缺口、国内外价差以及食物政策是我国食物对外依存度提高的主要驱动因素。未来食物供应保障要采取立足国内为主、国外为辅,更加积极地利用国际农产品市场和农业资源有效调剂和补充国内食物供给,更好地满足人民群众对美好生活的需求。Since China’s entry into WTO,China’s food production has not declined due to the impact of imports,showing a compre⁃hensive growth trend.At the same time,China’s net imports of various types of food continue to grow,and the external dependence of some foods continues to increase.From the perspective of land intensive food,the overall degree of dependence of grain is less than 10%,and the three main grains are still mainly supplied domestically.The external dependence of oils,fats,and sugar has sig⁃nificantly increased,especially the supply of soybean and vegetable oil is highly dependent on the international market.From the perspective of labor intensive food,the overall degree of external dependence of meat is less than 10%,but the degree of external dependence of beef is relatively high.The overall degree of external dependence of dairy products is less than 7%,but milk powder,cream,and cheese are highly dependent on imports.The driving factors for China’s increased food dependence on foreign countries mainly lie in the gap between production and demand,domestic and foreign price differences,and food policies.Therefore,food supply security should be based on primarily on the domestic market and partially on the foreign markets;actively utilize interna⁃tional agricultural markets and agricultural resources to regulate and supplement domestic food supply,so as to meet the needs of the people for a well-off life.

关 键 词：食物 对外依存度 供应保障 

分 类 号：F752.6[经济管理—国际贸易] F323[经济管理—产业经济]