水稻机直播基肥正位深施对土壤养分的影响  

Effect of Orthostatic Deep Application of Base Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients in Rice Direct Seeding by Machine

作　　者：徐秋月 沈明星[1] 陆长婴[1] 沈园 陆丽华 郁耀闯[2] 董林林[1] XU Qiuyue;SHEN Mingxing;LU Changying;SHEN Yuan;LU Lihua;YU Yaochuang;DONG Linlin(National Agricultural Science/Soil Quality Xiangcheng Observation and Experimental Station,Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suzhou 215106,China;College of Geography and Environment,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,China;Jinting Agriculture and Forestry Service Center in Wuzhong District,Suzhou 215111,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市农业科学院国家农业科学/土壤质量相城观测试验站,江苏苏州215106 [2]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡721013 [3]苏州市吴中区金庭镇农林服务中心,江苏苏州215111

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第4期382-390,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300903,2016YFD0300207);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20190169)。

摘　　要：为探究水稻机直播种植模式下基肥施入深度对土壤养分的影响,试验通过新型水稻直播六位一体机作业布设不施肥(CK)、基肥施入深度0、5、10、15 cm等5个处理,研究不同基肥施入深度影响下稻田土壤养分间的差异。结果表明,基肥施入深度对水稻抽穗期和成熟期土壤含水量、有机碳含量、全氮含量无显著影响;基肥施入深度对抽穗期土壤pH影响不明显,对成熟期土壤pH影响显著,基肥深施5、10、15 cm时,成熟期土壤pH显著高于抽穗期土壤pH;基肥施入深度对抽穗期和成熟期土壤速效磷含量无显著影响,抽穗期土壤速效钾含量受基肥施入深度影响显著,成熟期土壤速效钾含量受基肥施入深度影响不显著,基肥深施10 cm时,抽穗期土壤速效钾含量最低,但在成熟期土壤速效钾含量最高且明显高于基肥表施;水稻产量和氮肥偏生产力均随基肥施入深度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,且施入深度为10 cm时,水稻产量和氮肥偏生产力最高。综合考虑化肥利用、土壤养分及作物产量等状况,基肥施入深度为10 cm更有利于提高化肥利用率,培肥土壤,改善土壤质量,提高产量。In order to investigate the effects of the depth of base fertilizer application on soil nutrients under the planting pattern of rice direct seeding by machine,in this study,a new type of direct seeding rice six-position integrated machine was used to set treatments to study the differences of nutrients of paddy soil under the influence of different depth of base fertilizer application,the treatments were no fertilization(CK),base fertilizer application depth of 0,5,10,and 15 cm.The results showed that base fertilizer application depth had no significant effect on soil water content,organic carbon content,and total nitrogen content at heading and maturity stages.The application depth of base fertilizer had no significant effect on soil pH at heading stage,but had significant effect on soil pH at mature stage.The soil pH at mature stage was significantly higher than that at heading stage when the depth of base fertilizer was 5,10,15 cm.The depth of base fertilizer application had no significant effect on soil available phosphorus content at heading stage and mature stage.The soil available potassium content at heading stage was significantly affected by the depth of base fertilizer application.The soil available potassium content at mature stage was not significantly affected by the depth of base fertilizer application.When the depth of base fertilizer application was 10 cm,the soil available potassium content at heading stage was the lowest,but the soil available potassium content at mature stage was the highest and significantly higher than that of surface application base fertilizer.The rice yield and nitrogen partial productivity increased first and then decreased with the increase of base fertilizer depth,and the rice yield and nitrogen partial productivity were the highest when the application depth was 10 cm.Comprehensively considering the utilization of chemical fertilizer,soil nutrients,and crop yield,the application depth of base fertilizer about 10 cm was more conducive to improving the utilization rate

关 键 词：施肥深度 水稻直播 正位施肥 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]