谐波转矩对机车传动系统动态特性的影响研究  

Effects of Harmonic Torque on Dynamic Characteristics of Locomotive Transmission System

作　　者：金潇 刘林 黄珊 周子伟 JIN Xiao;LIU Lin;HUANG Shan;ZHOU Ziwei(National Innovation Center of High Speed Train,Qingdao 266111,China;State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心,山东青岛266111 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机械》2023年第3期27-33,共7页Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52022083)。

摘　　要：牵引电机谐波转矩对由牵引电机、齿轮传动、轮轨接触等组成的铁路机车传动系统动态载荷、振动噪声等动态特性有着重要影响。本文基于国内某交流电力机车牵引电机的结构参数和功能特点,通过虚位移原理获得了脉动谐波转矩,并将其作为激励输入到建立的考虑齿轮传动系统动态啮合的车辆-轨道垂-纵耦合动力学模型中,研究了牵引电机谐波转矩对机车传动系统动态特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,谐波转矩会加剧传动系统齿轮动态啮合力和动态传递误差的幅值波动,从而进一步导致轮轨动态相互作用力波动程度加剧,但受轴重转移影响,轮轨黏着系数均方根值增载位轮对小于减载位轮对,且增载位轮对受谐波转矩影响较小,而减载位轮对受谐波转矩影响较大。The harmonic torque of traction motor has a vital effect on dynamic load,vibration noise and other dynamic characteristics of the locomotive transmission system which is composed of traction motor,gear transmission,wheel-rail contact,etc.In this paper,based on the structure parameters and functional characteristics of the traction motor of an AC electric locomotive in China,a vehicle-track vertical-longitudinal coupled dynamics model considering the dynamic meshing of gear transmission system is established.And by using the void displacement principle,the ripple harmonic torque is calculated and input into the established coupled model as an excitation to explore the effect law on the dynamic characteristics of locomotive transmission system.The results show that the harmonic torque will aggravate the fluctuation amplitude of the dynamic mesh force and dynamic transmission error,which results in more fluctuation of the dynamic interaction between the wheels and the rail,while the RMS value of wheel-rail adhesion coefficient on the load increment wheelset is less than the load reduction wheelset under the effect of the axle load transfer.In addition,the load increment wheelset is less affected by the harmonic torque,while the load reduction wheelset is more affected by the harmonic torque.

关 键 词：铁路机车 齿轮传动 虚位移原理 谐波转矩 黏着系数 

分 类 号：U262.4[机械工程—车辆工程]