危害我国古建筑木构件的天牛类害虫  

Damage of Coleoptera Longhorned Beetles in Wooden Components of Ancient Buildings in China

作　　者：马星霞[1] 李嘉欣 王麟 王艳华 Ma Xingxia;Li Jiaxin;Wang Lin;Wang Yanhua(Research Institute of Wood Industry,CAF Beijing 100091;Ningbo Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage Management,Ningbo 315000;China Foundation For Cultural Heritage Conservation,Beijing 100009)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091 [2]宁波市文化遗产管理研究院,宁波315000 [3]中国文物保护基金会,北京100009

出　　处：《林业科学》2022年第12期130-140,共11页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中央公益性科研院所基金重点项目(CAFYBB2019ZB008);国家自然科学基金项目(31971588);国家文物局文物保护行业标准制定项目(WW2020-004-T)。

摘　　要：鞘翅目昆虫天牛幼虫在木材内部营钻蛀性生活,破坏木结构建筑或古建筑木构件,严重时短期即可导致建筑倒塌,极大影响木结构安全,系统性了解危害古建筑木构件的天牛类害虫种类、危害特性、防治和预防对古建筑保护工程勘察、预防性保护方案设计具有重要指导意义。本研究基于全国各地古建筑和民居天牛危害相关报道,结合部分地区古建筑木构件虫害勘察实例,总结危害我国古建筑木构件的天牛种类、分布、生活习性和寄主树种,梳理天牛危害识别技术及其危害等级划分标准,分析古建筑木构件天牛危害风险和预防措施。危害我国古建筑木构件的天牛种类主要有家茸天牛、家扁天牛、长角凿点天牛和槐绿虎天牛4种;全国各地古建筑木构件均有天牛危害侵染风险;预防天牛在古建筑上的危害重要的是维修工程中新更换木构件和墩接、加固用木材加工之前应预处理,包括原木剥皮、干燥处理、防腐处理等措施;应建立古建筑病虫害定期检查监测制度,及时发现虫害及时除治。The larvae of the Coleoptera beetle live inside the wood,digging through the wood to obtain food,which can damage the wooden components of wooden structures or ancient buildings and even cause the collapse of buildings in a short time.Therefore,damage of Coleoptera longhorned beetles highly concerned by the ancient building protection,survey,and maintenance department.Systematic research on the longhorned beetles that endanger the wooden components of antient buildings has important guiding significance for the special survey of biological diseases and the design of preventive protection schemes in the protection and investigation of wooden structures of ancient buildings.This article inquired about the reports of longhorn beetles in ancient buildings and residential houses all over the country,summarized the species,distribution,living habits,and host wood species of longhorn beetles that endangered the wooden components of ancient buildings in China,and sorted out the damage identification technology and damage classification of longhorn beetles,analyzed damage risk and preventive measures of longhorn beetles in wooden buildings or ancient buildings.The main conclusion are as follows:1)the main species of longcorned beetles that damage the wood components of buildings in China are Trichoferus campestris,Eurypoda antinata,Stromatic longicorne and Chlorophorus didema.2)All the wooden components of ancient buildings in China are at the damage risk from longcorned beetles.3)The important measures to prevent the damage of longcorned beetles on buildings are wood protection before the processing of wood components,including log peeling,drying treatment,preventive treatment and other measures.4)Ancient buildings should be regularly inspected and monitored for pests,so that pests can be found and eliminated timely.

关 键 词：古建筑木构件 鞘翅目昆虫 钻蛀性害虫 天牛 危害风险 

分 类 号：S781.7[农业科学—木材科学与技术]