近20年缓解期精神分裂症患者对精神疾病及社会歧视的态度变化  

The attitudes about mental illness and social discrimination among patients with schizophrenia in remission:change in 20 years

作　　者：范宁[1] 李丽[1] 赵文暄 白璐源 赵妍 高士元[1] 杨甫德[1] FAN Ning;LI Li;ZHAO Wen-xuan;BAI Lu-yuan;ZHAO Yan;GAO Shi-yuan;YANG Fu-de(Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京回龙观医院,100096 [2]北京市延庆区精神病医院

出　　处：《临床精神医学杂志》2023年第2期119-123,共5页Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D171100007017002);北京回龙观医院青年科研基金(LY202202)。

摘　　要：目的:比较2019年较1999年缓解期精神分裂症患者对精神疾病态度及社会歧视看法的变化情况。方法:采用方便抽样法,在北京地区的精神专科医院,选取缓解期精神分裂症患者,1999年入组225例,2019年入组216例,用精神病态度调查问卷及精神病患者社会歧视问卷调查患者本人对精神病的态度及社会歧视的看法。结果:2019年缓解期精神分裂症患者对精神疾病态度的量表得分整体较1999年调查的量表得分有降低,在“患者无社会价值”及“患者常有暴力与攻击行为”两项分量表得分明显降低,与1999年相比,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。2019年缓解期精神分裂症患者对社会歧视问题的看法量表得分均低于1999年(P均<0.05)。线性回归分析显示总住院时间、受教育年限以及年龄是患者对精神疾病态度的影响因素(P<0.05或P<0.01);而社会歧视问题量表得分主要受总住院时间、受教育年限的影响(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:2019年缓解期的精神分裂症患者对精神疾病的态度、感受到社会的歧视以及歧视对生活的影响较1999年改善。患者年龄大、受教育程度低、住院时间长,对精神疾病的态度更为悲观,感受到社会歧视对其的影响更大。Objective:To explore the change in attitudes towards mental illness and social discrimination in patients with schizophrenia in remission from 1999 to 2019.Method:Using a convenience sampling method,patients with schizophrenia in remission were selected from psychiatric hospitals in Beijing.A total of 225 and 216 patients with schizophrenia in remission were selected in 1999 and 2019,respectively.Psychiatric Attitudes Questionnaire and the Psychiatric Social Discrimination Questionnaire was used to investigate patients'attitudes.Results:In 2019,the overall scores of schizophrenic patients'attitudes towards mental illness in remission were lower than those of the 1999 survey.The scores of"patients have no social value"and"patients often have violent and aggressive behaviors"were significantly reduced compared with 1999,the difference was statistically significant(both P<0.01).The scores of schizophrenic patients in remission in 2019 on social discrimination issues were lower than those in 1999(all P<0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that the total length of hospital stay,education level and age were the influencing factors of patients’attitudes towards mental illness(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and social discrimination questionnaire scores were mainly influenced by total length of hospital stay and education level(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:The attitude of patients with schizophrenia in remission in 2019 towards mental illness,the perception of social discrimination and the impact of discrimination on life has improved compared with 1999.Older age,lower education level,longer hospital stay and more pessimistic attitudes towards mental illness of patients have more serious effects on social discrimination.

关 键 词：精神分裂症 态度 病耻感 

分 类 号：R749.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]