视网膜神经纤维层的定量评估在视网膜疾病中的应用  

Application of quantitative assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer in retinal diseases

作　　者：袁晓萌 张稚平 石艳梅(综述) 刘婷婷(审校) YUAN Xiaomeng;ZHANG Zhiping;SHI Yanmei;LIU Tingting(Academy of Ophthalmology,Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250062,China;Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Shandong Eye Hospital,Jinan 250002,China;State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,Shandong Eye Institute,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Traditional Chinese medicine college of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan Shandong 250014,China;The first clinical medical college,Shandong University of traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东第一医科大学眼科学院,济南250062 [2]山东第一医科大学附属眼科医院,山东省眼科医院,济南250002 [3]山东第一医科大学,山东省医学科学院,山东省眼科研究所,山东省眼科学重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,青岛266071 [4]山东中医药大学中医学院,济南250014 [5]山东中医药大学第一临床医学院,济南250014

出　　处：《眼科学报》2023年第3期253-259,共7页Eye Science

基　　金：山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)青年科学基金培育资助计划项目(202201-118)。

摘　　要：视网膜神经纤维层是视网膜的最内层,主要由来自视网膜神经节细胞的无髓鞘轴突组成,此外还有神经胶质细胞与视网膜血管,其厚度与年龄、眼球增长、眼底结构改变等因素相关。光学相干断层扫描可以清晰展示角膜、视网膜、脉络膜、视神经等高分辨率断层图像,可以在活体上显示生物学组织的细微结构,在临床与科研中已获得广泛应用。在青光眼视神经病变中,光学相干断层扫描可以发现视野异常前的视网膜神经纤维层损害,已成为青光眼早期诊断与视神经损伤程度检测的重要手段。除视神经病外,越来越多的研究表明许多视网膜血管疾病、神经元变性疾病等视网膜疾病也有视网膜神经纤维层的损伤。探讨视网膜疾病与神经纤维层的关系,将有利于进一步推进对视网膜疾病发病机制及病理改变的认识。本文就视网膜神经纤维层的定量评估与多种视网膜疾病的关系展开综述,为其在视网膜疾病中的应用提供参考。The retinal nerve fiber layer,the innermost layer of the retina,consists mainly of unmyelinated axons from retinal ganglion cells,as well as glial cells and retinal blood vessels,the thickness of which is related to factors such as age,ocular growth and fundus structure changes.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)can clearly display the cornea,retina,choroid,optic nerve and other high-resolution tomography images.It can show the fine structure of biological tissues in vivo,which has been widely used in clinical and scientific research.In glaucomatous optic neuropathy,OCT can detect the damage of retinal nerve fiber layer before abnormal visual field,which has become an important means of early diagnosis of glaucoma and detection of the degree of optic nerve damage.In addition to optic neuropathy,more studies have shown that many retinal diseases such as retinal vascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases also have retinal nerve fiber layer injury.Exploring the relationship between retinal diseases and nerve fiber layer will be beneficial to further promote the understanding of the pathogenesis and pathological changes of retinal diseases.This paper reviews the relationship between the quantitative evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and various retinal diseases,and provides reference for its application in retinal diseases.

关 键 词：视网膜神经纤维层 光学相干断层扫描 视网膜疾病 视网膜疾病常用治疗方法 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]