论刑事远程审判的制度规制  

On the Institutional Regulation of Remote Criminal Trial

作　　者：崔永存 CUI Yongcun

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2023年第2期118-135,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金青年项目“刑事案件网上审判方式实证研究”(21CFX028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：制度短缺的局面下,刑事远程审判的有序性面临较大挑战。为化解实践风险和理论隐忧,须及时强化刑事远程审判的制度规制。在程序启动上,既有规范性文件确立了一种“全体合意+法院审查”的方案,该方案较为注重刑事司法程序的稳定性,强化了程序启动控制,但可能存在“门槛过高”“规则单一”等问题,故应围绕程序选择权问题对程序启动规则作细化处理。在狭义远程程序的适用范围设定上,既有规范性文件大体采取“具体列举+概括授权”的方式,其突出问题是“包容”与“规制”的关系失衡;建议适当放宽列举范围,修订概括性授权条款并增设重罪案件排除适用条款。在程序构建上,依据数字正义理论,应引入恰当的程序规范和技术方案,以确保有效的程序参与、公平的技术对抗与合理的程序救济。The absence of institutional regulation poses a significant challenge to the orderliness of remote criminal trial.To avoid practical risks and address theoretical concerns,it is necessary to strengthen the institutional regulation of remote criminal trial in a timely manner.In terms of the initiation of proceeding,the existing normative documents have established a scheme of"plenary consent+court review",which focuses more on the stability of the criminal justice process and aims to strengthen the control of the initiation of proceeding.However,it has the problems of"high threshold"and"flat rule",and it is necessary to refine the rules on the initiation of proceeding by focusing on the issue of procedural option.Regarding the scope of application of remote proceeding in the narrow sense,the existing normative documents have generally adopted the approach of"specific enumeration+general authorization".The main problem with this approach is that the institutional relationship between the inclusive clause and the restrictive clause is imbalanced.In order to solve this problem,it is suggested that the enumeration scope of the applicable object is appropriately broadened,the general authorization clause is revised and a felony exclusion clause is added.In terms of the procedural construction,the theory of digital justice requires the introduction of appropriate procedural norms and technical solutions to ensure effective procedural participation,fair technical confrontation and reasonable procedural remedies in remote criminal trial.

关 键 词：刑事远程审判 程序选择权 数字正义 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.3[政治法律—法学]