从内圣外王看儒家理想人格的两种类型及其衍变  

Confucian Ideal Personality of“Inner Sage and Outer King”:Two Types and Their Development

作　　者：李祥俊[1,2] LI Xiang-jun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学价值与文化研究中心,北京市100875 [2]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京市100875

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2023年第1期75-86,161,162,共14页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“价值与文化研究中心”2016年度重大项目(16JJD720004)。

摘　　要：从内圣外王的视域看,先秦儒家包含主体的自我创造的理想人格和主观的自我认同的理想人格两种类型,即存在着两种类型的内圣外王。汉代儒家把主体的自我创造局限于纲常名教之内,对于主观的自我认同的道德修养也持戒备态度。宋明新儒家在理想人格上呈现出由主体的自我创造向主观的自我认同转变的趋势,并进一步强化内在德性及其超越依据。现代新儒家重视内圣外王,在理想人格的论述上受时代影响表现出推崇主体的自我创造的倾向。确立个体的独立地位,主体的创造与主观的认同相互为用,是儒家理想人格实现现代转化的必然路径。In the perspective of the pre-Qin Confucian principle of being“inner sage and outer king”,there are two types of ideal personality:self-created and self-identified.In Confucianism of the Han Dynasty,the self-created personality was never allowed to go beyond Confucian ethical code,and a wary eye was always kept on the moral cultivation of the self-identified personality.The ideal personality of neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties indicated a trend of transformation from the self-created to the self-identified,and further strengthened its intrinsic virtue and potentiality for transcendence.Modern neo-Confucianism has attached great importance to the principle of being“inner sage and outer king”,showing a tendency of focusing the self-created in the discussion of ideal personality under the sway of the times.The interactive reinforcement of the self-created and self-identified personalities is an inevitable path to follow in realizing modern transformation of the ideal personality of Confucianism,so as to establish the independent status of a person.

关 键 词：儒家 内圣外王 理想人格 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]