在自动化中推动企业绿色转型:技术进步与产品重构效应  

Promoting Firms Green Transformation through Automation:The Effect of Technological Progress and Product Restructuring

作　　者：韩超[1] 李鑫平 HAN Chao;LI Xinping(Center for Industrial and Business Organization,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学产业组织与企业组织研究中心

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2023年第4期72-93,共22页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72173015,71774028);国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD102,18ZDA042);中宣部“宣传思想文化青年英才”自选项目的资助。

摘　　要：经济社会发展绿色化是实现高质量发展的关键环节,党的二十大报告中明确提出要推动绿色发展,加快发展方式绿色转型。减少工业污染物排放是企业绿色转型的关键,而包括流程再造在内的生产过程变革则是企业实现绿色转型的重要推动力。那么,如何认识生产过程变革对于企业绿色转型的具体作用,以及其可能存在的污染减排效应?本文以进口工业机器人为例,分析了通过自动化改造推动企业绿色转型的成效及其作用机制。研究发现,企业进口工业机器人会产生显著的污染减排效应,具体而言是其促进了企业的技术进步,提高了企业的能源使用效率,改善了企业的能源使用结构。并且在机制分析中研究发现,进口工业机器人还会促使企业通过产品重构的路径降低自身的污染排放。进一步研究发现,工业机器人进口对于国有和非国有企业的污染减排效果同样显著。同时,工业机器人使用对企业的减排效应主要发生在东部地区,中西部地区并不明显,减排也更多地发生在大规模企业中。本文认为,未来在环境政策的设计与实施中,需要结合技术发展水平,更大限度地发挥新技术在产品重构以及资源配置等方面的潜在减排效应,进而推动产业的绿色可持续发展。Although the rapid development of industry has provided a huge boost to China's economic growth,it has also caused a heavy ecological burden.The Chinese government spends as much as 8%~15%of its GDP on environmental governance every year.In addition to dealing with severe industrial pollution,the Chinese government faces the daunting task of a two-carbon target.In the uncertain future,how to achieve the goal of reducing pollution and carbon emission has become an important issue to be solved urgently.In recent decades,with the progress of information and communication technology,the new generation of general-purpose technologies,including computers,Internet,big data,cloud computing,robotics,and artificial intelligence,have gradually popularized and increasingly adopted by enterprises,thus triggering new technological changes at the production end.In the process of technological change at the production end of enterprises,automated production characterized by industrial robots has attracted more attention from economists and policymakers.With the further rise in labor costs,enterprises are bound to accelerate the improvement of automation,and the development of enterprise automation has become an inevitable trend of future development.Technological change and environmental impact are the classic themes of environmental economics.With the gradual maturity of industrial robot technology,industrial robots have been used in industrial production by more and more enterprises.According to the statistics of the International Federation of Robotics(IFR),from 2003 to 2015,the annual installation of industrial robots around the world increased by nearly 2.14 times,with an average annual growth rate of approximately 16%.This indicates that the automated production technology represented by industrial robots is emerging as a new engine that drives global economic growth.As a general-purpose technology,industrial robots have greatly changed the production efficiency,organization mode,and final output of enterprises,thereby hav

关 键 词：自动化 工业机器人 清洁生产 产品重构 

分 类 号：F71[经济管理—产业经济]