鄱阳湖典型沉水植物刺苦草对不同淹水胁迫的响应特征及对生态修复的启示  

RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBMERGED PLANT VALLISNERIA SPINULOSA YAN TO DIFFERENT FLOODING CONDITIONS IN POYANG LAKE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

作　　者：马旭 韩祯 王世岩 刘晓波[1,2] 赵仕霖 刘畅[1,2] 孟竹剑 张欢 王亮[1,2] 朱蓓 谭羿鍼 汪洁 刘伟[1,2] 彭文启 MA Xu;HAN Zhen;WANG Shiyan;LIU Xiaobo;ZHAO Shilin;LIU Chang;MENG Zhujian;ZHANG Huan;WANG Liang;ZHU Bei;TAN Yiqian;WANG Jie;LIU Wei;PENG Wenqi(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]南昌大学生命科学学院,南昌330031

出　　处：《环境工程》2023年第1期204-212,共9页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目研究课题(2022YFC3201804);国家自然科学基金项目(52009148);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKL2022ZD02);水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022039);广西水工程材料与结构重点实验室开放课题研究(GXHRI-WEMS-2020-13);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(WE110145B0032021)。

摘　　要：沉水植物的生长与繁殖受到湖泊水体水位过程的影响,然而不同的水文过程变化及淹水时长对沉水植物个体适应性特征的影响尚不清晰。选取鄱阳湖典型沉水植物刺苦草作为研究对象,通过设置水位控制中宇宙实验,揭示6种淹水模式下刺苦草个体适应性变化特征。结果表明:长时间高淹水水位胁迫能够显著影响刺苦草的叶片数量、叶长、根长、匍匐茎长度、克隆能力、总生物量等特征。快速涨水以及长时间(>21 d)高水位(>3.5 m)胁迫会导致刺苦草植株叶片的大量凋亡,短时间(<14 d)并降低高水位淹水胁迫,刺苦草可以恢复其正常生长。研究表明,夏季快速涨水及不利水位下较长淹水时长是影响沉水植物刺苦草个体适应性降低的主要因素,可为沉水植物退化的水文过程机制以及科学恢复提供理论参考。The growth and reproduction of submerged plants are affected by the process of lake water level.However,it is still unclear how the changes of different hydrological processes and the duration of flooding affect the individual adaptability of submerged plants.In this study,we selected typical submerged plant Vallisneria spinulosa Yan of Poyang Lake as the target plant,and explored its individual adaptability characteristic under the six different flooding conditions by a mesocosm experiment.The results showed that prolonged high flooding level stresses could significantly affect the individual functional traits:plant height,leaf number,leaf length,root length,stolon length,vegetative propagation ability and total biomass.When the flooding level was more than 3.5 m,the prolonged flooding stress(over 21 days)would lead to large number of leaves apoptosis.However,when the water level exceeded 3.5 m for a short period of time(no more than 14 days),with the high flooding level stress reducing,and the normal growth of V.spinulosa could be restored.The results indicated that high water level stress and adverse flooding duration in summer were the main stress factors affecting the reduction of individual adaptability of submerged plants.This study could provide scientific theoretical support for submerged plant degradation as well as restoration of submerged vegetation.

关 键 词：沉水植物 淹水 个体适应性 退化 江湖关系 生态修复 刺苦草 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]