吉林密江河陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼种群形态特征及营养成分研究  

Morphological characteristics and nutrient composition of resident masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou inhabiting Mijiang River,Jilin Province

作　　者：宋碧曾 汪冰 梁珊 崇祥玉 郑伟 殷旭旺 SONG Bizeng;WANG Bing;LIANG Shan;CHONG Xiangyu;ZHENG Wei;YIN Xuwang(Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Hydrobiology,College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Mijiang Salmon Breeding Station,Hunchun,Jilin 133300,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁省水生生物学重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]延边马苏大麻哈水产良种场,吉林珲春133300

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2023年第1期57-66,共10页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：科技部国家科技基础资源调查专项“图们江流域资源环境与生物多样性综合科学考察”(2019FY101700);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202068NC)。

摘　　要：马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)作为国家二级保护动物,其自然种群的形态特征及营养状况对于合理开展该物种的生物多样性保护、渔业资源养护有着重要的参考价值。本研究对吉林省图们江流域密江河的陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼种群进行形态特征、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸含量等分析,并与一个人工养殖马苏大麻哈鱼种群进行比较研究。结果表明:吉林密江河陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼体质量范围在19.93~215.05 g,体长范围在10.40~22.00 cm。肌肉中水分含量为74.04%±3.05%、灰分含量为1.84%±0.33%、粗蛋白含量为19.73%±2.42%、粗脂肪含量为3.18%±0.04%。肌肉中检测出17种氨基酸,7种必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.77%,4种鲜味氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的37.54%。以氨基酸评分(AAS)作为评价标准时,缬氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸为第二限制性氨基酸。肌肉中含有22种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为丰富(59.36%),脂肪酸中EPA、DHA含量分别为3.87%、2.81%。本研究可为今后在图们江流域开展马苏大麻哈鱼的渔业资源养护和生物多样性保护提供基本资料和相关参数。Masu salmon(Oncorhynchus masou)has been listed as a national second-class protected species in China.The morphological characteristics and nutrient levels of masu salmon are critical for the protection of its biodiversity and fishery resources rationally.In the present work,we analyzed the morphological characteristics,amino acid and fatty acid of wild resident masu salmon population inhabiting Mijiang River and compared with the artificial resident masu salmon population.Wild resident masu salmon varied between 19.93 and 215.05 g in body weight and between 10.40 and 22.00 cm in body length.Wild resident masu salmon was 74.04±3.05%in water content of muscle,1.84±0.33%in ash content,19.73±2.42%in crude protein content and 3.18±0.04%in crude fat content.In total,17 amino acids were detected in muscle,including 7 essential amino acids(accounting for 40.77%of the total)and 4 delicious amino acids(accounting for 37.54%of the total).Valine is the first limiting amino acid,and phenylalanine and tyrosine are the second two limiting amino acids when using the amino acid score(AAS)as the evaluation standard.In addition,22 fatty acids were detected in muscle,including unsaturated fatty acids(59.36%),EPA(3.87%)and DHA(2.81%).The findings of this study will provide the basic information for the protection of fishery resources and biodiversity of masu salmon in Tumen River Basin.

关 键 词：马苏大麻哈鱼 陆封型种群 形态特征 脂肪酸含量 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]