川西高原公路工程迹地不同恢复措施下土壤可蚀性研究  

Soil Erodibility under Different Restoration Treatments after Disturbance of Highway Project in Western Sichuan Plateau

作　　者：谭书平 刘诗琪 王菲 刘宏 陶俊威 康迪 TAN Shu-ping;LIU Shi-qi;WANG Fei;LIU Hong;TAO Jun-wei;KANG Di(Sichuan JIUMA Expressway Co.Ltd.,Aba 624000,China;College of Life Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637002,China)

机构地区：[1]四川久马高速公路有限责任公司,阿坝州624000 [2]西华师范大学生命科学学院,南充市637002

出　　处：《公路》2023年第3期371-376,共6页Highway

摘　　要：为支持国家高原生境脆弱区生态公路建设,更加深入了解公路扰动迹地恢复过程中土壤侵蚀机制和稳定性,指导高原公路工程早期生态修复措施,以在建久马高速公路为对象,在工程扰动后选取了覆网封育(FY)、喷播(PB)、营养土回覆(YT)等3种处理方式与扰动后未处理(NA)和未扰动(NT)进行对比研究,对土壤质地、机械结构、碳氮含量及可蚀度因子进行了分析。结果表明,工程扰动迹地土壤质地以粉壤土和壤土为主,渗透速率整体中度偏快。FY、PB、YT处理均能显著提高土壤黏粒的含量及土壤有机碳储量;PB处理能够显著降低土壤粉粒的含量,同时提高砂粒的含量;粉粒含量和砂粒含量对土壤结构有着关键影响,结构方程模型系数分别为0.79和-0.75;土壤结构相较于土壤碳对土壤可蚀性影响更大,但土壤碳能够通过土壤结构间接影响土壤可蚀性。综上,川西高原公路迹地土壤可蚀性增高的原因主要是因为工程扰动提高了土壤粉粒含量,降低了土壤砂粒含量,土壤渗透性较好但水稳性差,容易发生分散悬移导致侵蚀。喷播和营养土回覆处理均能通过提高黏粒和降低粉粒途径有效降低土壤可蚀性。建议该地区在以后工程扰动后早期恢复中,可以采用肥草混播方式,或混施能够提高土壤团聚性的有机改良剂。In order to support the construction of ecological highway in the fragile habitat area of the plateau,the mechanism and stability of soil erosion in the restoration process of highway disturbance are better understood,and the early ecological restoration measures of plateau highway engineering are guided.Relying on the Jiu(zhi)-Ma(erkang)Expressway which is under construction,after engineering disturbance,three treatment methods are selected including the covering mesh enclosure(FY),spray seeding(PB),back-filling of nutritional soil(YT),and compared with the disturbance untreated(NA)and undisturbed(NT).The Soil texture,mechanical structure,carbon,nitrogen content and soil erodibility index are analyzed.The results show that the soil texture is mainly silt loam and loam,and the infiltration rate is medium and fast.The FY,PB and YT treatments could significantly increase soil clay content and soil organic carbon storage.PB treatment can significantly reduce the content of soil silt and increase the content of sand.Silt content and sand content have essential impact on soil structure,and the structural equation model coefficients are 0.79 and -0.75,respectively.Soil structure has a greater effect on soil erodibility than soil carbon,but soil carbon can indirectly affect soil erodibility through soil structure.In conclusion,the main reason for the increase of soil erodibility after highway project in western Sichuan Plateau is that the disturbance increases the content of soil silt and reduces the content of soil sand.In this case,the soil permeability is good but the water stability is poor,which is prone to disperse suspension and erosion.Both spray seeding and nutrient soil back-filling can effectively reduce soil erodibility by increasing clay content and reducing silt content.It is suggested that in the early restoration stage after highway project disturbance,fertilizer and grass can be mixed or organic amendments can be applied to improve soil aggregate stability.

关 键 词：生态公路 高原地区 生态修复 土壤侵蚀 土壤可蚀性 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]