孟子民本思想探析  

Analysis of Mencius's People-centered Ideology

作　　者：孟兵强 MENG Bingqiang(Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学,北京100081

出　　处：《邢台学院学报》2023年第1期42-49,共8页Journal of Xingtai University

基　　金：中央民族大学博士自主研究项目:《庄子》“德”论研究.项目编号:BZKY20211086.

摘　　要：孟子的民本思想根植于儒家传统之中,他的民本思想比《榖梁传》的“民者,君之本也”更深刻,更远胜于荀子、韩非的君本思想。孟子认为,性善是民本思想的前提。依据民本原则,人民有获得贤人统治的权利。贤人获得统治权的方式有四种:禅让、革命、贵戚易位、流放君主。与孟子不同,荀子思想中存在君本思想的倾向,韩非又将其发展为彻底的君本主义,这不利于维护人民的利益。文章的结论是,性善论、权力公有、选贤与能是孟子民本思想的重要组成部分;孟子民本思想的内涵是丰富的,不能以“积德与天命”概括之;民本思想远胜于君本思想;人们应在平等基础上构建社群关系;在理解孟子思想时,要注意其思想的创新型转化、创造性发展。The ideology of Mencius,which is centered on the people,is rooted in Confucian tradition.His people-centered ideology is more profound than the theory of"People,the origin of the ruler"in Guliangzhuan.And it is much better than Xunzi and Han Fei's monarch-centered ideology.According to Mencius,the goodness of nature is the premise of people-centered ideology.On the basis of the civilian-centered ideology,the people have the right to rule by wise men.There are four ways for virtuous men to obtain imperium:abdication,revolution,enthronement of monarch’s relatives and exile of monarch.Different from the people-centered ideology,there appears a tendency of monarchcentered ideology in Xunzi's thought,which evolves into a thorough monarch-centered doctrine in Han Fei's thought and it is not conducive to safeguard people’s interests.The conclusion of the article is that the goodness of human nature,the communal power,the selection of sages and talents are the crucial components of Mencius’s people-centered ideology.The connotation of the original thought of Mencius is abundant,which cannot be summarized as"virtue accumulation and the mandate of heaven".The people-centered ideology is markedly better than the monarch-centered ideology.People should build community relations on the basis of equality.When interpreting Mencius'thoughts,attention should be paid to the innovative transformation and creative development of his thoughts.

关 键 词：孟子 民本 禅让 民主 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]