论闽、粤、客方言的保护传承问题  

Study of Issues Concerning Maintenance and Transformation of Hokkien,Cantonese and Hakka Dialects

作　　者：庄初升 Zhuang Chusheng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学国家语言文字推广基地/文学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2022年第12期38-46,共9页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育专项课题“吴、闽、徽语音像资源语料库建设与综合比较研究”(21YJRC04ZD);国家社科基金重大项目“海内外客家方言的语料库建设和综合比较研究”(14ZDB103)。

摘　　要：闽、粤、客方言是中国南方的三大方言,近数百年来随着离乡的华人而播迁境外,成为海内外华人社区文化认同和文化传承的重要纽带,是极为宝贵的语言资源和文化资源。闽、粤、客方言的实际应用还经常与国家安全问题交织在一起,台湾地区和香港地区特别值得关注,如学理层面内地与台港澳地区方言的源流关系。闽、粤、客方言作为大类方言在可以预见的未来尽管没有整体消亡之虞,但是边界方言的濒危境况以及包括广州、潮州、厦门、漳州、泉州、梅州这类权威方言城市在内的方言核心区所表现出来的各种方言衰变迹象,不能不引起我们的高度警惕,当前我们要从语言生态的角度更加积极稳妥地保护闽、粤、客方言的语言安全,长久有效地维持内地与台港澳地区同声同气的语言文化联系。对闽、粤、客方言加强保护传承和维持其语言活力在中国的语言战略上具有重要的现实意义,建议:凝聚广泛的社会共识,加强科学的社会规划;建立“从娃娃抓起”的方言母语传承体系,形成家庭、学校和社会的方言保护合力;将三大方言保护纳入国家级文化生态保护区进行统筹管理和专门保护。Hokkien,Cantonese,and Hakka are considered the three major dialects in Southern China and they have spread across the world along with Chinese immigrants.These dialects have eventually become an important link that binds people from Taiwan,Hong Kong region,Macao region,and overseas Chinese diaspora together in serving as their cultural identity.In this sense,they are very valuable language and cultural resources.The use of these three regionalects in practical communication is often interwoven with different ideologies,for which the situation in regions of Taiwan and Hong Kong deserves special attention.For instance,there is a genetic relationship between the dialects in these two regions and those in China's Mainland from an academic perspective.Although in the foreseeable future,for the major dialects such as Hokkien,Cantonese,and Hakka,there is no need to worry about their collective extinction,but the decline of these dialects in bordering areas and in some representative cities such as Guangzhou,Chaozhou,Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Quanzhou and Meizhou has become increasingly evident and is alerting to us.At present,it is very crucial for us to adopt more positive and reliable measures to ensure the safety of the Hokkien,Cantonese,and Hakka dialects from the ecolinguistic perspective,and effectively maintain the cultural link between the Mainland and Taiwan,Hong Kong,and Macao that stemmed from the same heritage root.Because of its practical and strategic significance to maintain and enhance the vitality of these dialects,we would like to make three suggestions:1)striving to reach the broadest societal consensus among the users and strengthen the social development planning in a scientific manner,2)developing a mechanism of speaking dialect as mother tongue through'grabbing from the baby',with an aim to form combined commitment in dialect protection between family,school and society,and 3)integrating the three major dialects into a national ecosystem of cultural heritage for the overall management with a special focus

关 键 词：闽方言 粤方言 客家方言 语言战略 方言保护 

分 类 号：H178[语言文字—汉语] H176H177