哈里斯的话语分析法和中式主谓句  

Zellig Harris'Discourse Analysis and the Chinese Subject-Predicate Sentence

作　　者：沈家煊[1] Shen Jiaxuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2022年第8期3-14,共12页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

摘　　要：Harris(1952)将切分和归类法(segmentation and classification),即后人称之为发现程序的,延伸到语篇分析。本文承认它的普遍适用性,然后指出,将这种方法运用于汉语话语分析,必然得出的结果是:汉语的"主谓句"是等式型主谓句,主语和谓语同属一个对等类。由此得出汉语的句法结构就是信息结构,而且具有对称性。得出这个结果是由汉语植根于对话和互动的"流水句"的特性所决定的。从汉语反观英语,英式主谓句可视为中式主谓句的一个特例。文章还涉及这一分析结果的方法论思考,强调我们不能把有待发现的当作发现它的准则。Harris(1952)introduced the segmentation-and-classification method,namely the so-called discovery procedure,into discourse analysis.While acknowledging its generality,this paper argues that when applying the method to Chinese discourse,an inevitable result is that subject and predicate are equivalent to each other,both belonging to a substitution class.This means that the Chinese syntax is in essence based on information structure and is characterized by parallelism.The result is determined by the property of Chinese"flowing discourse"which is rooted in dialogue and interaction.Viewing English from the Chinese perspective,the English subject-predicate sentence may be deemed as a special case of its Chinese counterpart.The paper also discusses the result methodologically and emphasizes we must avoid basing our account of language on a priori categories.

关 键 词：哈里斯 话语分析 中式主谓句 信息结构 方法论 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学] H043