麦金太尔的“启蒙计划”批判之批判  

A Critique of Alasdair MacIntyre's Critique of"the Enlightenment Project"

作　　者：陈真[1,2] Chen Zhen

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学哲学系,南京210097 [2]南京师范大学道德教育研究所,南京210097

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（伦理学）》2022年第3期83-93,共11页ETHICS

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“西方百年元伦理学史研究”(19ZDA036)的研究成果。

摘　　要：麦金太尔断言“启蒙计划”寻求道德问题上的理性共识并为道德进行辩护的工作是失败的,因为:其一,启蒙思想家中“没有一个人实际上成功过”;其二,启蒙计划导致现代西方根本的道德分歧是无解的,因为分歧的各方所诉诸的根本价值原则是不可公度的;其三,启蒙计划导致现代西方道德支离破碎、严重无序,这是因为它的道德合理性论证将道德与历史语境相分离所致。然而,麦金太尔的上述论据要么站不住脚,要么缺少事实依据,因此,他对西方启蒙计划的批判是难以成立的。启蒙时期以来的理性依然是我们研究道德、解决道德问题难以取代的研究方法。Alasdair Maclntyre claims that the Enlightenment project of providing a rational vindication of morality had decisively failed,because,the first,"none of them[the philosophers who have followed the project]in fact succeed";the second,due to the project,the moral disagreement among contemporary analytical philosophers cannot be settled because of the incommensurability of the fundamental principles held by them;the third,under the influence of the project,modern Western morality has been in disorder and broken into the fragments of a concept scheme because the project's justification for the rationality of morality separates morality from its historical contexts.However,Maclntyre's criticism is either groundless or short of evidence.Therefore,his criticism cannot hold water.Reason,since the period of the Enlightenment,has been and will still be the irreplaceable method for moral research and moral solution.

关 键 词：麦金太尔 启蒙计划 不可公度 根本的道德分歧 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]