视力残疾青少年身体活动及其与运动自我效能的相关性  

Association between physical activity and exercise self-efficacy for adolescents with visual impairment

作　　者：窦丽[1] 陈华卫 卢恩杰 侍崇艳[4] DOU Li;CHEN Huawei;LU Enjie;SHI Chongyan(Department of Physical Education,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China;Department of Physical Education,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210016,China;Nanjing School for the Blind,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210064,China;Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学体育部,江苏南京市210037 [2]南京航空航天大学体育部,江苏南京市210016 [3]南京市盲人学校,江苏南京市210064 [4]南京体育学院,江苏南京市210014

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2023年第3期349-355,共7页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(No.19YJC890008);江苏省教育厅哲学社会科学基金重大项目(No.2022SJZD085);江苏省社会科学基金一般项目(No.22TYB004)。

摘　　要：目的研究视力残疾青少年日常身体活动、静坐水平及其与运动自我效能的关系,分析性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、视力残疾程度和运动自我效能对身体活动的影响。方法2022年10月至12月,南京市盲人学校13~18岁视力残疾学生79例,采用加速度计测量身体活动,统计每天静坐时间(ST)、轻身体活动(LPA)和中高强度身体活动(MVPA)所占时间的百分比。在教师辅助下完成运动自我效能量表测评,以及身高和体质量测量。结果视力残疾青少年每天LPA、MVPA、ST时间分别占(15.45±5.99)%、(4.55±2.15)%和(80.00±6.99)%;与女生相比,男生LPA较多(F=5.330,P<0.05),ST较少(F=5.760,P<0.05);与16~18岁学生相比,13~15岁学生MVPA较多(F=11.292,P<0.001),ST较少(F=8.279,P<0.01)。运动自我效能评分与ST、LPA、MVPA、年龄相关(|r|>0.254,P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,运动自我效能(β=0.224)和年龄(β=-0.495)是MVPA的独立影响因素(P<0.05),可解释MVPA变异的34.7%。结论13~18岁视力残疾青少年以静坐生活方式为主,身体活动水平极低;提升运动自我效能可能有助于提高身体活动水平。Objective To investigate the association between physical activity(PA),sedentary level and exercise self-efficacy for adolescents with visual impairment,and impacts of gender,age,body mass index(BMI),degree of visual impairment and exercise self-efficacy on PA.Methods From October to December,2022,79 students aged 13 to 18 years with visual impairment from Nanjing School for the Blind were measured PA and sedentary level with accelerometer.The average percentage of daily sedentary time(ST),light physical activity(LPA)and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)were recorded.The students fininshed the Exercise Self-Efficacy Questionnaire with the help of teachers,and their height and body mass was measured.Results The average percentage of daily LPA,MVPA and ST was(15.45±5.99)%,(4.55±2.15)%and(80.00±6.99)%,respectively.Compared with the girls,the boys spent more time in LPA(F=5.330,P<0.05)and less in ST(F=5.760,P<0.05).Compared with students aged 16 to 18 years,those aged 13 to 15 years spent more time in MVPA(F=11.292,P<0.001)and less in ST(F=8.279,P<0.01).The score of exercise self-efficacy correlated with ST,LPA,MVPA and age(|r|>0.254,P<0.05).The result of multiple linear regression showed that the exercise self-efficacy(β=0.224)and age(β=-0.495)were the independently factors related with MVPA,which explained 34.7%of MVPA variation.Conclusion Adolescents with visual impairment aged 13 to 18 years spend more time in sedentary,and their PA level is very low.Improvement of exercise self-efficacy may help to improve PA level of them.

关 键 词：视力残疾 青少年 身体活动 运动自我效能 

分 类 号：R49[医药卫生—康复医学]