商代契刻卜辞于甲骨的动因  

Reasons for the Inscriptions on Oracle Bones in the Shang Dynasty

作　　者：徐义华[1,2] Xu Yihua

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100101 [2]中国历史研究院甲骨学研究中心,北京100101

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（先秦、秦汉史）》2022年第3期11-19,共9页HISTORY OF PRE-QIN,QIN AND HAN DYNASTIES

摘　　要：商代已有发达的笔墨书,比契刻更方便记录。商人契刻卜辞于甲骨,主要原因是占卜同时具有卜求和决策两个功能,卜求又包含决疑和祈请两部分,决疑只是卜问吉凶,祈请则是要通过与神灵进行反复的沟通和博奔以达成预期的结果,这需要把占卜所取得的兆象和占断向神灵汇报和展示;占卜过程本身也是决策过程,需要通过展示占卜的原状以证明决策取得神灵的支持具有正确性和神圣性。所以,商人把卜辞契刻在甲骨上面。In the Shang Dynasty,there were developed writings in pen and ink,which were more convenient to record events than inscriptions.The divinations were inscribed on the oracle bones in Shang Dynasty mainly because divination has two functions at the same time:decision making and invocation.Divination has two parts:doubt resolving and invocation.While the former is about fortune-telling,the latter is about repeated communication and interaction with the gods and spirits to achieve the expected results.Therefore,it is necessary to report and display the omens and judgments obtained by divination to the gods.Since the divination process itself is also a decision-making process,it is necessary to show the original status of the divination to prove that the decision is correct and divine with the support of the gods.Therefore,in Shang Dynasty,the divinations were inscribed on oracle bones.

关 键 词：占卜 决疑 祈请 卜辞 契刻 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K223[历史地理—历史学]