道德滑坡了吗?美式英语语言中的社会道德时间变化  

Is Morality Declining The Temporal Changes of Social Morality in American English

作　　者：喻丰 许丽颖 丁晓军 钱小军[4] Yu Feng;Xu Liying;Ding Xiaojun;Qian Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院心理学系 [2]清华大学心理学系 [3]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院哲学系 [4]清华大学经管学院

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2022年第2期15-38,256,共25页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“拟人化人工智能的道德责任归因研究”(项目编号:20CZX059)资助。

摘　　要：虽然道德滑坡的朴素观点十分普遍,但研究表明,道德滑坡可能仅仅是一种有偏知觉。我们认为,其产生的原因是时代发展(如个人主义的快速升高)与个人认知间的不平衡。通过分析谷歌图书Ngram数据库中的美式英语相关数据,我们发现道德语词的词频自1960年至2000年间并未出现显著的减少,并且对于个体化道德的关注还呈现显著的增加趋势。通过五个研究,我们发现与集体化道德相比,人们对个体化道德的关注逐渐增加(研究1),这种情况尤其表现在正面积极道德语词中(研究2)。当只考虑美德时,也会出现类似的情况:个体化道德词频增加而集体化道德词频减少(研究3),但美德语词的总体词频并未显著减少(研究3和研究4)。此外,道德动机作为道德的关键要素,其词频并未出现显著的变化(研究5)。研究结果验证道德滑坡可能是一种错觉判断。Beliefs in moral decline are prevalent.However,emerging research suggests that moral decline is only an illusion.We propose the illusory perception of moral decline as a result of acceleration of individualism.Using data from Google Ngram dataset,we found that the years from 1960 to 2000 did not witness a considerable decline of moral discourse,and there was a significant increase of attention focused on individualizing morality.Across five studies,we demonstrated that people paid more attention to individualizing morality compared to binding morality over time(Study 1),especially the positive aspects(Study 2).When considering the virtues independently,a similar pattern emerged with the rise of individualizing morality and the fall of binding morality(Study 3),a significant decrease was not seen in the total amount of virtues(Study 3 and 4).Furthermore,as a key element of morality,moral motivation changed little during the period(Study 5).These findings provide reliable evidence of why people’s perception of moral decline is illusory,and more lab experiments are needed in future research.

关 键 词：道德滑坡 大数据 道德基础 道德动机 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]