日本的扩张与英国的因应(1937—1941)——以日本侵占南沙群岛为中心  

Japan's Expansion and Britain's Response-Centering on Japan's Occupation of the Nansha Islands

作　　者：蔡梓 Cai Zi

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系 [2]华东师范大学社会主义历史与文献研究院

出　　处：《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》2023年第1期91-102,143,共13页Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“二十世纪中国收复南海诸岛历史主权研究”(18ZDA184)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日本发动全面侵华战争后,英国担心日本侵占中国南沙群岛进而“南进”。囿于“三线作战”的担忧,英国决定采取联合欧美列强尤其是法国遏止日本侵占南沙的对策。1939年3月31日日本宣布兼并南沙后,秉承“地中海优先于远东”的原则,英国仍以“有限度联法制日”政策应对,在外交上联合法国对日博弈,并视法国为在南沙对抗日本的首要责任者,而不直接诉诸军事和经济手段。1939年下半年至1941年春,苦撑危局的英国逐步放弃“有限度联法制日”政策,坐视日本强化对南沙的控制,惟不宣布放弃对南威岛、安波沙洲的“权利要求”和不承认日本吞并南沙之合法性。1937—1941年英国在南沙问题上的决策和应对的“变”与“不变”,反映了全面侵华战争爆发后英日围绕南沙问题的博弈。After Japan launched the full-scale invasion of China, Britain became worried that Japan would take over the Nansha Islands in China and continue their “southward advance”. Faced with concerns about the strategic dilemma of the “three-line war”, Britain decided to adopt a joint strategy with Western powers, especially France, to prevent Japan from occupying the Nansha Islands. On March 31, 1939, after Japan announced the annexation of the Nansha Islands, Britain , adhering to the principle of “Mediterranean first, Far East second,” implemented a “ limited alliance with France to restrain Japan” policy. Diplomatically, Britain joined forces with France to compete against Japan, seeing France as being primarily responsible for confronting Japan in the Nansha Islands, rather than directly resorting to military and economic means. From the second half of 1939 to the spring of 1941, Britain, struggling in a precarious situation, gradually gave up the “limited alliance with France to restrain Japan” policy, and allowed Japan to strengthen its control over the Nansha Islands, but did not announce giving up its “rightful claims” to Nansha Islands and Scarborough Shoal, nor did it recognize the legitimacy of Japan's annexation of the Nansha Islands. The British decision-making and responses regarding the Nansha Islands from 1937 to 1941 reflect the game between Britain and Japan over the Nansha Islands issue after the outbreak of the full-scale invasion of China.

关 键 词：日本全面侵华战争 英日关系 南沙群岛 英国南沙政策 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] K561.46[历史地理—中国史]