隐性知识视角下中医师承教育的困境与突破  

The Dilemma and Breakthrough of Traditional Chinese Medicine Master-disciple Teaching from the Perspective of Implicit Knowledge

作　　者：蔡运荃 刘桂江 宫春苓 CAI Yun-quan;LIU Gui-jiang;GONG Chun-ling(College of Public Health and Health Management,Gannan Medi-cal University,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]赣南医学院公共卫生与健康管理学院,江西赣州341000 [2]赣南医学院护理学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2023年第3期66-70,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2021年江西省社会科学基金委托一般项目(21WT68);2019年赣南医学院校级重点科研课题(ZD201919)。

摘　　要：隐性知识是难以用符号、编码和言语准确表达,但可被人类意识并感知的事实、信息与技能,它是中医区别于西医最显著的特征。中医隐性知识的意向性、分布性与实践性,决定了以观摩意会、具身实践、刻意练习为主的师承教育是获取中医精髓、积累诊疗经验最理想的形式。然而,在现代科学教育的冲击下,中医师承教育面临课程失衡、师资不足、平台阻隔、文化衰微、制度不全等困境,亟须增加实践课程分量、扩大师承导师征聘范围、重建多学派交流平台、增强中医文化自信、加大政策倾斜力度,从而落实中医隐性知识传承,深化人才培养质量。Implicit knowledge refers to the fact,information and skills that are difficult to be expressed accurately with symbols,codes and words,but can be recognized and perceived by human beings.It is the most significant feature that distinguishes Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)from western medicine.The intentionality,distribution and practicality of the implicit knowledge in TCM determine that the master-disciple teaching based on observation and purposive practice is the most ideal form to acquire the essence of TCM and accumulate experience in diagnosis and treatment.However,under the impact of modern science education,TCM master-disciple teaching is faced with such dilemmas as curriculum imbalance,insufficient teachers,platform barrier,cultural decline,and incomplete system.It is urgent to increase training courses,expand the recruitment scope of mentors,rebuild the multi-school communication platform,enhance the self-confidence of TCM culture,and increase policy escorts,so as to implement the inheritance of TCM implicit knowledge and deepen the quality of personnel training.

关 键 词：师承教育 隐性知识 中医思维 人才培养 

分 类 号：R2-03[医药卫生—中医学]