上海市青少年专项运动技能概况及其与身体活动和体质健康的关系研究  

Study on the General Situation of Special Motor Skills and Its Relationship with Physical Activity and Physical Health of Adolescent in Shanghai

作　　者：马晓凯 朱政[1,2,3] 杨漾 杨璨 曹振波 MA Xiaokai;ZHU Zheng;YANG Yang;YANG Can;CAO Zhenbo(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health,Shanghai 200438,China;Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents,Shanghai 200438,China;Pacific Health Insurance Co,.Ltd,Shanghai 200120,China;Shanghai Municipal Center for Students’Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]上海市运动与代谢健康前沿科学研究基地(培育),上海200438 [3]上海市学生体质健康研究中心,上海200438 [4]太平洋健康保险股份有限公司,上海200120 [5]上海市学生体质健康监测中心,上海200011

出　　处：《体育科学》2022年第12期23-28,共6页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2007005);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2020ETY003)。

摘　　要：目的:调查上海市青少年专项运动技能掌握情况并探讨其与身体活动、体质健康水平间的关系。方法:研究数据来自2019年上海市中小学生《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》,数据覆盖上海16个区,按照分层、随机整群抽样方法进行抽样。2019年数据中,初一至高三年级学生83 730人,其中,55 851名学生及其1名监护人同时完成问卷调查(完成率66.7%)。筛查数据缺失、异常值后,共54 576名学生的数据纳入最终分析,其中男生27 387名(占50.2%),初中生34 306名(占62.9%),城区青少年16 395名(占30.0%)。受试者专项运动技能掌握情况、中高强度身体活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,MVPA)水平数据通过问卷调查法获得。结果:整体上,上海市青少年BMI、专项运动技能掌握情况存在显著性别、学段和城郊统计差异(P<0.05);男生无专项运动技能的人数比例(%NSKILL)和体质健康标准达标优良率(%Fit)显著低于女生(13.3%vs 14.0%,P<0.05;19.1%vs 34.8%,P<0.05),达到每日60 min MVPA推荐量的天数(MVPA-D)和1周每天MVPA均达60 min推荐量的人数比例(%MVPA7)均显著优于女生[4(3,6) vs 4(2,5)天,P<0.001;10.6%vs 5.9%,P<0.001];初中生%N-SKILL显著低于高中生(P<0.001),MVPA-D、%MVPA7和%Fit均显著高于高中生(P<0.001);城区青少年%N-SKILL、MVPA-D和MVPA-7%显著低于郊区青少年(P<0.001),%Fit显著优于郊区青少年(P<0.001)。二元逻辑回归结果显示,加入混杂变量年龄、性别、年级和城郊调整后,MVPA-D和体质健康标准达优良等级之间呈显著正相关关系(P趋势<0.001),MVPA-D对应优势比(OR)为1.146(95%CI:1.133,1.158)。加入混杂变量年龄、性别、年级、城郊和MVPA-D调整后,专项运动技能掌握情况与体质健康标准达优良等级之间呈显著正相关关系(P趋势<0.001),青少年专项运动技能掌握情况对应OR值为1.499(95%CI:1.453,1.546)。结论:上海市大部分青少年掌握专项运动技能情况较好,但有少�Objective:To investigate the special motor skills level of Shanghai adolescents and explore its relationship with physical activity and physical health.Methods:The research data came from the“National Physical Health Standards for Students(revised in 2014)”monitoring program of Shanghai primary and middle school students in 2019,and the sample was drawn according to stratified and random cluster sampling method.There are 83730 students from junior high school to senior high school among the data,and a total of 55851 students with one guardian completed the questionnaire survey(completion rate is 66.7%).After data screening,a total of 54576 students’data were included in the final analysis,which include 27387 boys(50.2%),34306 junior middle school students(62.9%),and 16395 urban adolescents(30.0%).The subjects’mastery of special motor skills and the level of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity(MVPA)were measured through questionnaires.Results:Overall,there were significant gender,grade and region differences in BMI and mastery of special motor skills(P<0.05).%N-SKILL(the proportion of subjects without special motor skills)and%Fit(the good and excellent rate of physical health standards)of boys were lower than those of girls(13.3 vs 14.0%,P<0.05;19.1 vs 34.8%,P<0.05),but the boys’MVPA-D(the number of days reached the recommended 60 minutes of MVPA daily)and%MVPA7(the proportion of subjects reached the recommended 60 minutes of MVPA daily)were both greater than those of girls(4(3,6)vs 4(2,5)days,P<0.001;10.6 vs 5.9%,P<0.001).The%N-SKILL of junior high school students was lower than that of senior high school students(P<0.001),but their MVPA-D,%MVPA7 and%Fit were significantly higher than those of senior high school students(P<0.001).For the urban adolescents,their%N-SKILL,MVPA-D and%MVPA7 were lower than those of suburban adolescents(P<0.001),but the%Fit was better than that of suburban adolescents(P<0.001).The results of binary logistic regression showed that the MVPA-D was positively correlated with t

关 键 词：青少年 运动技能 体质健康 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]