票据期后背书的法教义学分析  

Legal Doctrinal Analysis of Post-dated Endorsement of Notes

作　　者：刘江伟 Liu Jiangwei

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（民商法学）》2022年第2期100-108,共9页Civil and Commercial Law

摘　　要：我国票据期后背书制度在法定事由和背书人责任方面规定颇为独特,且行为效力规定不清,由此引发了理论争议和司法实践分歧。综合运用法律解释方法可以发现《票据法》第36条应为侣导性规范,立法旨在不鼓励期后背书,而非绝对禁止。期后背书不存在法律不能或事实不能,背书转让行为不因此无效。类型化案例比较和体系解释表明,期后背书之背书人具有可转让的票据权利,但转让仅有一般债权让与效力,背书人承担票据责任是一项特别法责任。期后背书的立法定位并非为促进票据流通,不存在无权处分情形,不适用善意取得制度。Compared with the legislative examples in comparative law,China's post-dated endorsement system is quite unique in terms of legal grounds and endorser's liability,while the provisions on the effect of the act are unclear,which has led to theoretical disputes and judicial practice differences.Using a comprehensive approach to legal interpretation,it can be found that Article 36 of the Bills Act should be an advocacy norm,with the legislative intent of discouraging post-dated endorsements,rather than absolutely prohibiting them.There is no de jure or de facto incapacity for post-dated endorsement,and the act of endorsement and transfer is not therefore invalid.Based on a typology of cases and systematic interpretation,it is clear that the endorser of a post-dated endorsement has a transferable right to the instrument,but the transfer has only the effect of a general assignment of the claim,and the liability of the endorser for the instrument is a special legal liability.The legislative position of a post-dated endorsement is not to facilitate the circulation of the instrument,and there is no disposition without right,and the bona fide acquisition regime is not applicable.

关 键 词：票据法 期后背书 法律解释 善意取得 

分 类 号：D922.287[政治法律—经济法学]