基于古地图的汉口城市形成过程探讨  

Discussion on the process of city formation in Hankou based on ancient maps

作　　者：李长安[1] 张玉芬[2] LI Chang’an;ZHANG Yufen(School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)地球物理与空间信息学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期273-280,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871019,41672355);武汉市多要素城市地质调查示范项目(WHDYS-2018-007)。

摘　　要：武汉市是长江流域的特大城市之一,武汉的城市演化经历了武昌与汉阳的“双城对峙”到武昌、汉阳与汉口“三镇鼎立”的发展历程.汉口的形成是武汉城市成型的关键,也是学术界关注的重点.该文重点依据历史图件,对汉口城市的形成、演化及“三镇鼎立”格局的确立进行了讨论.研究认为,作为汉口镇行政管理机构的“汉口镇巡检司”是汉口市镇形成的标志,据此确定,汉口镇最晚在公元1522年前就已形成,此时的汉口镇包含汉江河口南北两岸的市镇范围,管理机构位于汉江南岸,也是汉口镇重心所在.研究表明,1613年“汉口镇巡检司”已移至汉江北岸,北岸已成汉口镇发展中心,从此汉口镇仅指汉江北岸,南岸属汉阳县城关,此标志着现在汉口的出现.汉口快速崛起于明末清初,从城市规模、经济、社会及区域影响等综合考量,武汉“三镇鼎立”格局形成于清康熙年间.文中还对历史文献中“汉口”的地理学含义进行了讨论.Wuhan is one of the megacities in the Yangtze River basin.The urban area of Wuhan has evolved from a“twin-city confrontation”between Wuchang and Hanyang to the“triple-town confrontation”of Wuchang,Hanyang and Hankou.The formation of Hankou is the key to the formation of Wuhan and also the focus of academic attention.Based on the historical maps,the formation and evolution of Hankou city and the establishment of the“triple-town confrontation”were discussed in this paper.According to the results,“Hankou Xunjiansi”,as the administrative organization of Hankou Town,is the symbol of the formation of Hankou Town.On the basis of this,it s demonstrated that Hankou Town has been formed before 1522 at the latest,when the town included the north and south banks of the Han River Estuary,and the administrative organization was located on the south bank of the Han River,which is also the main part of Hankou Town.In 1613,“Hankou Xunjiansi”has moved to the north bank of the Han River which has become the development center of Hankou Town.Since then Hankou Town only refers to the north bank of the Han River,and the south bank belonged to Hanyang County,which marked the emergence of the present Hankou.Hankou rose rapidly in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.From the comprehensive considerations of city scale,economy,society and regional influence,the“triple-town confrontation”pattern was formed in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.Furthermore,the geographical meaning of“Hankou”in historical documents was also discussed.

关 键 词：城市起源 古地图 汉口检司 三镇鼎立 汉口 

分 类 号：F291.1[经济管理—国民经济]