刑事错案治理中司法正义的理性回归  

The Rational Regression of Judicial Justice in the Administration of Wrongful Convictions

作　　者：韩笑 HAN Xiao(Department of International Law,China Foreign Affairs University,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际法系,北京100037

出　　处：《北京科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期320-329,共10页Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“制度化治理刑事冤错案件的比较研究”(编号:3162022ZYQB05)。

摘　　要：冤错案件阻挠了刑事审判对正义目标的实现,是司法运行中偏离正义产生的消极后果。文章通过解读司法正义的偏离与回归,揭示出囿于诉讼认识和证据裁判的局限性,实体正义的落空在任何诉讼制度下都有可能发生,而实现程序正义的障碍则可通过制度完善的方式予以消解。在现代刑事诉讼两种典型构造中,美国刑事诉讼制度因正当程序高度发达而被看作是对抗式诉讼制度之经典范式,但依然存在大量冤假错案。探求美国刑事诉讼为治理错案作出的制度努力,能为我国推进刑事司法改革提供启示。对于已然发生的错案,应依靠制度化的治理模式,通过构建完备的错案发现与纠正机制,成规模、有组织、呈体系地救济被错判者;同时,还要坚持“动态平衡”的刑事诉讼观,在实体正义与程序正义均衡的理念下完善刑事诉讼制度,防范未然出现的冤假错案。Wrongful convictions hinder the realization of the goal of justice in criminal trial,which is the negative consequence of judicial operation deviating from justice.By interpreting the deviation and return of judicial justice,it reveals that the failure of substantive justice may occur under any litigation system because of the limit-ation of lawsuit cognition and evidence judgment,but the obstacles to the realization of procedural justice can be eliminated by means of institutional perfection.In the two typical structures of modern criminal procedure,the United States criminal procedure system is regarded as the classic paradigm of adversary system because of its highly developed due process.However,there are still a large number of wrongful convictions.Exploring the in-stitutional efforts made by the United States in the management of wrongful convictions can provide inspiration on the reform path of reducing judicial injustice in our country.To solve the wrongful conviction cases,it is necessary to rely on the systematized governance method,and build a complete mechanism to find and correct wrongful convictions,so as to relieve the wrongful judgment in a large scale,organized and systematic way.Meanwhile,it is also indispensable to adhere to the“dynamic equilibrium”concept of criminal procedure,and the improvement of criminal procedure system should balance substantive justice and procedural justice,so as to prevent the untimely occurrence of unjust cases.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼制度 冤错案件 实体正义 程序正义 司法改革 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]