早期五行说及其政治思维——以“和实生物”旧说与新说为中心  

The Early Five-Element Theory and Its Political Thinking:Centered on the Old and New Interpretations of“The Harmony of Five-Elements Generating Vitality”

作　　者：丁四新[1] DING Sixin(Department of Philosophy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学哲学系,北京100084

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期133-141,F0003,共10页Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“出土简帛四古本《老子》综合研究”(15ZDB006)。

摘　　要：“禹平水土”和《洪范》五行畴属于原始五行说,二者相为表里。在殷周时期,平治水土或理顺五行是圣王治理天下及其居位受命的正当性所在,目的是“彝伦攸叙”。“彝伦攸叙”有多方面的含义,但以“和”为核心价值。不仅如此,原始五行说还包含着“和实生物”说的萌芽。“和实生物”包括史伯所述先王旧说以及他自己提出的新说,旧说与新说的根本区别在于前者以土为中心行,而后者无中心行。新说更具普遍性,更接近于实际经验和生活常识。新说和旧说都以“生物”为根本指向。“和实生物”说的应用很广,晏子的“和与同异”“水火相济”“可否相济”和孔子的“和而不同”等说法都是新说的推演。此外,早期五行说都带有政治思维的特征,它既是从政治出发,又是为政治服务的。“Yu controlled the flood”and“five-element”category in the Great Norms belong to the original five-element theory,the two are mutually external and internal.During the Yin and Zhou dynasties,bringing soil and water under control or complying with the five-element was the precondition and justification of the holy king to rule over the world.The purpose of this was to“stabilize the constant principle”or“achieve the harmony and stability of the world”.Even though it has multiple meanings,“peace”is always in the core.Moreover,the original five-element theory also contains the germ of the theory of“the harmony of five-elements generating vitality”,which includes an old interpretation put forward by the former king and a new one put forward by Shi Bo.The essential difference between the old and new interpretation is that the former takes“earth”as the core element,while the latter does not.The new interpretation is more popular and closer to practical experience and common sense in daily life.Both interpretations take“generating vitality”as the fundamental direction.Besides,the theory of“the harmony of five-elements generating vitality”is widely used.Yan Ying’s“the difference between harmony and uniformity”,“the compatibility between water and fire”,“the compatibility between feasibility and infeasibility”and Confucius’s“harmony in diversity”are all deductions of this new interpretation.In addition,the early five-element theory is characterized by political thinking,which starts from politics and serves politics at the same time.

关 键 词：五行 禹平水土 和实生物 史伯 晏婴 孔子 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]