南京市学龄前儿童听觉记忆现状及影响因素分析  

Auditory memory status and influencing factors in preschool children in Nanjing

作　　者：刘潘婷 肖正路 祝慧琴 姚梦梦 池霞[1] 钱君[1] 童梅玲[1] 洪琴[1] LIU Pan-ting;XIAO Zheng-lu;ZHU Hui-qin;YAO Meng-meng;CHI Xia;TONG Mei-ling;HONG Qin(Department of Child Health,the Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Jiangsu,Nanjing 210004,China;Department of Child Health,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Jiangsu,Nanjing 210004,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属妇产医院儿童保健科,南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,江苏南京210004

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2023年第7期1257-1262,共6页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才(WSW-125);江苏省妇幼健康科研项目重点项目(F202113);江苏省南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(YKK21157)。

摘　　要：目的了解南京市学龄前儿童听觉记忆发展情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2021年1月11日—2021年1月27日抽取南京市2所幼儿园的497例3~6岁儿童为研究对象,家长填写基本信息调查表,采用韦氏智力量表第4版中背数测试对儿童听觉记忆进行评估,记录顺序得分和倒序得分。结果不同年龄儿童背数顺序得分[3.5~<4岁为(7.37±2.70)分、4~<4.5岁为(8.05±2.67)分、4.5~<5岁为(8.45±2.16)分、5~<5.5岁为(9.24±2.27)分、5.5~<6岁为(10.04±1.98)分、6~<6.5岁为(9.60±2.29)分]和倒序得分[3.5~<4岁为(0.92±1.73)分、4~<4.5岁为(1.55±1.94)分、4.5~<5岁为(3.32±2.07)分、5~<5.5岁为(4.50±1.91)分、5.5~<6岁为(4.91±1.52)分、6~<6.5岁为(5.55±1.45)分]比较,差异均有统计学意义(F顺序=14.48、F倒序=86.09,均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,儿童月龄、出生体质量、第二语言学习及母亲受教育程度均是顺序得分的影响因素(均P<0.05);儿童月龄、绘画学习、书法学习、乐器学习、第二语言学习及母亲受教育程度均是倒序得分的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论南京市学龄前儿童随着年龄的增长其听觉记忆能力增强,其听觉记忆能力受儿童年龄、出生体质量、是否学习绘画、书法、乐器、第二语言及母亲受教育程度的影响。Objective To investigate the development of auditory memory of preschool children in Nanjing and analyze its influencing factors.Methods For convenience sampling,497 children aged 3 to 6 years from 2 kindergartens in Nanjing,China,were recruited from January 11,2021 to January 27,2021.Parents filled out the basic information questionnaire,and the child’s auditory memory was assessed by recitation number test from the 4th edition of Wechsler Intelligence Scale,and the sequential and inverted scores were recorded.Results The sequential scores of children of different ages for reciting numbers[3.5-<4 years old(7.37±2.70)scores,4-<4.5 years old(8.05±2.67)scores,4.5-<5 years old(8.45±2.16)scores,5-<5.5 years old(9.24±2.27)scores,5.5-<6 years old(10.04±1.98)scores,6-<6.5 years old(9.60±2.29)scores]and the reverse order scores[3.5-<4 years old(0.92±1.73)scores,4-<4.5 years old(1.55±1.94)scores,4.5-<5 years old(3.32±2.07)scores,5-<5.5 years old(4.50±1.91)scores,5.5-<6 years old(4.91±1.52),and 6-<6.5 years old(5.55±1.45)scores],the difference was statistically significant(Fsequential scores=14.48,Freverse scores=86.09,all P<0.05).Multiple linearregression analysis showed that children′s month age,birth weight,second language learning and mother′s education were the influencing factors of sequential scores(all P<0.05);children′s month age,painting learning,calligraphy learning,musical instrument learning,second language learning and mother′s education were the influencing factors of reverse scores(all P<0.05).Conclusion Preschool children in Nanjing increased with age theirauditory memory ability is enhanced.Their auditory memory ability is affected by children′s age,birth weight,whether they learn painting,calligraphy,musical instruments,second language and mother′s education.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 背数 听觉记忆 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]