基于多距离声阵实测回归传播损失的浅水域水下辐射噪声源级测量方法  

Source level measurement method of underwater radiated noise in shallow water based on regression propagation loss using multi-distance arrays

作　　者：庞业珍[1] 俞孟萨[1] PANG Ye-zhen;YU Meng-sa(National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration and Noise,China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi 214082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶科学研究中心船舶振动噪声重点实验室,江苏无锡214082

出　　处：《船舶力学》2023年第4期598-606,共9页Journal of Ship Mechanics

基　　金：国家标准计划项目(20213217-T-469)。

摘　　要：浅水域水下辐射噪声传播会受到海面与海底反射的影响。基于传统单水听器方法进行浅水域船舶水下辐射噪声源级测量相比深水域测量面临三个问题:(1)浅水域声场中复杂的声场分布特征会增加单水听器测量结果的不确定度;(2)浅水域传播损失系数小于深水域,采用球面波衰减系数进行源级修正会带来较大偏差;(3)水听器近水面布放会导致测量结果受到水面镜像反射的影响比深水域更大。本文提出一种工程化的基于多距离声阵实测传播损失的浅水域船舶水下辐射噪声源级推算方法,在浅水域测量船舶水下辐射噪声源级时剥离界面反射的影响,得到自由场环境下船舶水下辐射噪声源特性。利用不少于3个正横距离分析该海域的传播损失系数,并提出剥离水面劳埃德镜像效应的修正公式。为了验证该方法的有效性,使用UW350声源模拟船舶噪声源在千岛湖开展验证试验,试验结果表明,在20 Hz~1 kHz频段内,推算得到的声源级频谱与1m处参考水听器测量声压级频谱平均偏差小于3 dB。In shallow water,the sound propagates in the channel with reflections from surface and bottom.There are three characteristics for ship noise source level measurements in shallow water:(1)the increased uncertainty of measurement results with a single hydrophone caused by the complexity of the standing-wave distribution of the sound field;(2)the propagation loss coefficient of shallow waters being smaller than that of deep waters,and larger deviation in source level correction by using spherical wave attenuation coefficient;(3)the placement of the hydrophone near the water surface causing the measurement results to be more affect⁃ed by the mirror reflection of the water surface than in the deep waters.Thus using a single hydrophone as in traditional methods causes great deviations in some frequency ranges.To overcome these problems,a vertical hydrophone array was proposed to cover the sound energy in the wave guide.No less than 3 CPA distances were used to measure the propagation loss factors of the aera.For low frequencies,simulated propagation loss was used to correct the source level.To verify the method,an experiment was carried out using a UW350 pro⁃jector at a depth of 4 m where the water depth was about 50 m.The results show that the average deviation be⁃tween the derived source level and the measured sound pressure level of the reference hydrophone at 1 m dis⁃tance from the projector is less than 3 dB.

关 键 词：船舶噪声 浅水域 传播损失 水听器声阵 

分 类 号：TB52[理学—物理]