执行和解担保制度之适用困境及其纾解  

Difficulties in the Practice of the Execution of Conciliation and Guarantee System and the Relief

作　　者：张海燕[1] ZHANG Haiyan

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2023年第2期110-122,共13页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家治理体系中民事执行现代化研究”(20&ZD195)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：执行和解担保制度旨在担保被执行人履行执行和解协议进而终结执行程序。但实务中其经常与执行担保、债务加入相混淆,导致法院在能否裁定直接执行和解担保人财产以及能否追加和解担保人为被执行人问题上裁判不一。故有必要厘清执行和解担保的制度内涵及其适用规则。执行和解担保协议多以条款形式内含于执行和解协议中,但两者在性质上是主从关系。内含担保的执行和解协议可分为“未作承诺型”和“已作承诺型”。于前者,执行和解协议未被履行时其仅具实体效力而不具程序效力,案件恢复执行后,法院不能执行和解担保人财产;理论上申请执行人可诉请和解担保人担责。于后者,执行和解协议未被履行且案件恢复执行后,法院可裁定直接执行和解担保人财产;此时执行依据竞合,可适用《民法典》混合担保责任承担规则,若原执行债权数额低于和解债权数额,应以前者为限。The purpose of the execution of conciliation and guarantee system is to ensure that the person subject to execution fulfils the enforcement settlement agreement and thus to conclude the execution procedure. However,in practice, the system is often mixed up with the guarantee for enforcement and debt accession, as a result, the courts have made different adjudications on whether to directly execute the property of the settlement guarantor and whether the settlement guarantor can be added as the person subject to execution. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the connotation of the execution of conciliation and guarantee system and its applicable rules. The enforcement settlement guarantee agreements are mostly included in the enforcement settlement agreement as clauses, and the former is secondary to the latter. The enforcement settlement guarantee agreements can be divided into “uncommitted”and “committed”. For the former, when the enforcement settlement agreement has not been fulfilled, it has only substantive effect but no procedural effect, and the court cannot execute the property of the guarantor although the execution is resumed. In theory, the person who has applied for execution can sue the settlement guarantor for liability. For the latter, when the enforcement settlement agreement has not been fulfilled and the enforcement is resumed, the court may adjudicate the direct execution of the property of the guarantor. Under such circumstances,the execution bases are concurrent, and the rule of the liability of mixed guarantee in the Civil Code can be applied.And if the amount of the original enforcement claim is less than the amount of the settlement claim, the former should be applied.

关 键 词：执行和解担保 执行担保 债务加入 执行依据 执行和解协议 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]