群组吸孔气吸式芹菜排种器设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Group Air-suction Type Celery Seed Metering Device

作　　者：李骅[1,2] 马云龙 於海明 王永健[1,2] 孙新平 尹家巧 LI Hua;MA Yunlong;YU Haiming;WANG Yongjian;SUN Xinping;YIN Jiaqiao(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China;Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210031,China;College of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031 [2]江苏省高等学校智能化农业装备重点实验室,南京210031 [3]南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,南京211816

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第3期87-95,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701302)。

摘　　要：气吸式排种器可实现小颗粒种子的精密排种,但芹菜种子球度较小,且农艺要求一穴多粒,成为芹菜气吸式排种器精量排种的难点。为此本文基于CFD流体仿真,结合多因素、多水平试验分析及验证等方法,设计一种群组吸孔的气吸式芹菜精量排种器。以西芹“文图拉”芹菜种子为研究对象,首先,根据芹菜种子三轴尺寸,确定吸孔形状及尺寸;其次,通过CFD流场仿真研究不同吸孔分布结构下吸孔负压并确定群组吸孔数量;再次,通过理论分析推导确定最低吸种负压;最后,以气室真空度、种盘转速、吸孔分布结构为试验因素,以漏播率、重播率、合格率为试验指标,进行三因素三水平正交试验。通过极差分析和方差分析确定了影响排种性能的主次因素与最佳参数组合。结果表明:气吸式芹菜精密排种器较优组合参数为气室真空度-4 kPa、种盘转速20.75 r/min、吸孔分布结构为正等边三角形,此时播种合格率为88.9%,漏播率为5.1%,重播率为6.0%。田间试验结果为:合格率83.48%,重播率9.15%,漏播率7.37%。本研究实现了气吸式芹菜精密穴播,可为一穴多粒球度较小的小颗粒种子精量排种器设计提供参考。The air-suction seed metering device can realize precise seed metering of small particles,but the low sphericity of celery seeds and the agronomic requirements of multiple seeds in one hole bring difficulties to the accurate seed metering research of celery.Aiming at this problem,a celery precise seed metering device was designed and developed with a group of suction holes by using CFD flow field simulation,vacuum derivation,and bench test.Taking celery seed“Ventura”as the research object,firstly,the shape and size of the suction hole were determined according to the triaxial size of the celery seed.Secondly,the CFD flow field simulation determined the numbers of group suction holes.Thirdly,vacuum degree theory determined the lowest negative pressure of seed suction.Finally,a three factors and three levels orthogonal test was carried out with vacuum degree of gas chamber,the rotational speed of seeding plate,and distribution structure of suction hole as test factors,and the missed sowing rate,replaying rate and qualified rate as test indexes.The primary and secondary elements,and the optimal parameter combinations affecting seeding performance were determined using range and variance analyses.The experimental results showed that when the optimal combination parameters of air-suction celery precision seed metering device comprised of vacuum degree of-4 kPa,seed disk speed of 20.75 r/min,and distribution structure of holes being an equilateral triangle,the qualified rate of seeding was 88.9%,the missed seeding rate was 5.1%,and the replaying rate was 6.0%.Field test demonstrated that the qualified rate of seeding was 83.48%,the missed seeding rate was 9.15%,and the replaying rate was 7.37%.The research realized precision hill-drop planting of celery with an air-suction seed arrangement device.

关 键 词：芹菜 气吸 排种器 群组吸孔 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]