燕麦与马铃薯带状间作产量优势及土地利用率  

Yield advantage and land utilization of oat and potato strip intercropping system

作　　者：彭良斌 周杰 马怀英 臧华栋[1] 靳建刚 薛志强 杨亚东[1] 曾昭海[1] PENG Liangbin;ZHOU Jie;MA Huaiying;ZANG Huadong;JIN Jiangang;XUE Zhiqiang;YANG Yadong;ZENG Zhaohai(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Ecological Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Youyu 037200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]山西农业大学生态农牧研究所,山西右玉037200

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第3期38-49,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系(CARS07-B-5)。

摘　　要：为探究北方半干旱地区燕麦与马铃薯带状间作对作物产量和土地利用率的影响,于2019—2021年在山西省右玉县开展3年的大田试验,设置燕麦单作、马铃薯单作和燕麦与马铃薯带状间作3种种植模式,分析了3种种植模式产量效应以及间作模式的土地当量比(LER)和边行效应。结果表明:燕麦与马铃薯带状间作表现出明显的增产效应,3年试验期间的土地当量比分别为1.11、1.07和1.17。间作边1行燕麦籽粒产量显著高于间作其他边行和单作行,2019—2021年,间作边1行产量对间作燕麦籽粒产量贡献率为35.6%~38.5%。产量构成分析显示,地上部生物量、有效穗和穗粒数的增加是间作边1行燕麦籽粒产量提高的决定因素。与马铃薯单作相比,间作边1行马铃薯单株块茎重和商品薯重均降低,导致间作马铃薯产量下降1.0%~26.2%。综上所述,燕麦与马铃薯带状间作增加了土地利用率,具有较好的产量效应,燕麦边行效应是间作产量优势的重要原因。In order to investigate the impact of oat and potato strip intercropping on crop yields and land utilization rate in the semi-arid northern China,a 3-year field experiment(2019-2021)was carried out in Youyu County,Shanxi Province.The experiment contained 3 cropping systems,which were sole oat cropping,sole potato cropping and oat and potato strip intercropping.The yield effect,land equivalent ratio(LER),and border row effect of intercropping system were studied.The results showed that:Oat and potato strip intercropping had significant yield advantage and the LERs were 1.11,1.07,and 1.17 in the three years,respectively.The grain yield of oat in intercropping border 1 row was significantly higher than that in other intercropping rows and sole row,which contributed approximate 35.6% to 38.1% of the total grain yield of intercropping system in 2019-2021.Furthermore,yield composition analysis showed that the increased aboveground biomass,ear number and kernel number per ear were the determinants for the increased grain yield of one row oat planting in intercropping border.On the contrary,the lower tuber yield per plant and marketable yield per plant of potato in one row potato planting in intercropping border resulted in about 1.0% to 26.2% decrease in potato yield of intercropping.In conclusion,the oat and potato strip intercropping increased LER and had yield advantages,and the border row effect of oat was responsible for the strip intercropping yield advantage.

关 键 词：燕麦‖马铃薯 产量 土地当量比 边行效应 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]