汉英心理形宾构式语义语用倾向性的历时考察  

A diachronic study of the semantic and pragmatic tendencies of Chinese and English"psychological adjective+object"constructions

作　　者：邓云华[1] 成刘祎 许群爱 DENG Yunhua;CHENG Liuyi;XU Qun'ai(Foreign Studies College,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学外国语学院,湖南省长沙市410081

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2023年第2期176-188,318,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“基于语料库的英汉超常动宾构式历时演变的认知研究”(20BYY009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文通过自建历时语料库,对比分析了汉英心理形宾构式的构式意义和构式语用意义倾向性演变过程中的共性和差异。分析发现,构式意义演变的共性在于两种语言的心理形宾构式一直都有“使动”的语义构式类型;差异在于汉语构式的语义类型更多、使用频率更高,而且汉英心理形容词的数量和义指方向不同。从近代起,汉语的意动构式显著增多,并出现自动构式;而英语的使动构式显著增多。语用意义演变的共性在于汉英心理形宾构式一直都具有明显的非中性义倾向;差异在于汉语的心理形宾构式一直具有消极义倾向,英语的心理形宾构式则从消极义演变到积极义倾向。本文运用主观化理论、注意层级模式、语用移情理论阐释了汉英心理形宾构式语义语用倾向性演变过程的共性和差异。Through a self-built diachronic corpus,this study conducted a contrastive analysis of the similarities and differences in the tendencies of the construction meaning and pragmatic meaning of Chinese and English"psychological adjective+object(A+O)"constructions in the evolution process.It was found that the similarity of the construction meaning evolution is that Chinese and English constructions have always had the causative meaning.The differences are that Chinese constructions have more semantic types and higher use frequencies,and the number and the semantic orientation of the psychological adjectives between Chinese and English are also different.In modern times,the number of conative constructions in Chinese has increased significantly,automatic constructions have appeared in Chinese,and the number of causative constructions in English has also increased significantly.The similarity of the evolution process of pragmatic meaning is that Chinese and English'psychological A+O"constructions have always had a prominent non-neutral meaning tendency.The difference is that Chinese has always had a negative meaning tendency,but English has evolved from a negative meaning tendency to a positive one.By adopting the subjectification theory,attentional hierarchy model,and pragmatic empathy theory,this paper expounded the similarities and differences in the evolution process of the semantic and pragmatic tendencies of"psychological A+O"constructions between Chinese and English.

关 键 词：心理形宾构式 心理形容词 语义语用倾向性 主观化 注意层级 语用移情 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]