基于农户调查的长江流域双季稻生产碳、氮足迹分析——以江西和湖南为例  

Carbon and Nitrogen Footprints of Double Rice Production in Yangtze River Based on Farm Survey Data——A Case Study of Jiangxi and Hunan

作　　者：陈中督 徐春春[1] 纪龙 方福平[1] Chen Zhongdu;Xu Chunchun;Ji Long;Fang Fuping(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第2期229-237,共9页Crops

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金青年基金(LQ21C130002)。

摘　　要：量化分析作物生产碳、氮足迹可以有效帮助减少农业温室气体和活性氮排放。基于足迹理论和方法,采用问卷调查方式定量研究长江流域水稻生产碳足迹和氮足迹大小及组成。研究表明,水稻单位产量碳足迹和氮足迹分别介于0.50~0.90kgCO_(2)-eq/kg和5.20~13.17gN-eq/kg,其中CH_(4)和NH_(3)排放为主要贡献因子。种植规模与碳足迹和氮足迹呈现显著负相关关系,与一般农户(低于0.7hm^(2))水稻种植相比,种粮大户(高于3.3hm^(2))碳足迹和氮足迹分别降低了33.8%和44.1%。在调研的稻田中发现,53.1%的地块肥料投入过量,54.9%的地块灌溉投入过量,且产量较低,存在着较大的节能减排潜力。提高农户的受教育水平和低碳绿色农业认知能够显著降低水稻生产碳、氮足迹。因此,发展双季稻节肥节水技术,提高农业机械运行效率,构建规模化农作种植模式,同时提升农户知识文化水平和加强低碳绿色农业知识的普及力度以及不同类型适应性行为的指导,健全低碳绿色农业技术创新与推广机制,有利于缓解中国长江流域双季稻种植区的气候变化和富营养化污染。Quantifying the carbon footprint(CF)and nitrogen footprint(NF)of crop production can help identify key options to mitigate greenhouse gas and reactive nitrogen emissions from agriculture.Based on farmer's production survey data,the CF and NF of rice production in the Yangtze River were estimated.The results showed the CF and NF per unit yield for rice production in Yangtze River were 0.50-0.90kgCO_(2)-eq/kg and 5.20-13.17gN-eq/kg,respectively.The largest fraction of CF and NF of rice was the share of CH_(4) emission and NH_(3) volatilization,respectively.The scale of planting was negatively correlated with the CF and NF,and a decrease in the CF and NF were found in large sized farms(more than 3.3ha)by 33.8%and 44.1%,respectively,compared to smaller ones lower than 0.7ha.53.1%of a field exposed to excessive fertilizer and 54.9%of a field exposed to excessive irrigation showed low yields.Improving farmersʼeducation level and awareness of low-carbon and green agriculture could significantly reduce the CF and NF of rice production.Thus,developing technology that limits water and fertilizer consumption,as well as developing in farm machinery operation efficiencies and large scaled farms,strengthen the popularization of knowledge and culture level of farmers and low carbon green agriculture knowledge and guidance of different types of adaptive behavior;improve the innovation and promotion mechanism of low carbon green agriculture technology would be favorable toward mitigating climate change and eutrophication of double rice production in Yangtze River.

关 键 词：碳足迹 氮足迹 双季稻 生态评价 生命周期 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]