补喂不同谷物对断奶马驹体重、体尺及营养物质表观消化率的影响  

Effects of Supplementing Different Grains on Body Weight,Body Size and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Weaned Foals

作　　者：蔺建薇 黄新新 李钰琪 李晓斌[1] LIN Jian-wei;HUANG Xin-xin;LI Yu-qi;LI Xiao-bin(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore’s Nutrition for Meat and Milk Production/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology/College of Animal Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Animal Husbandry Master Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院新疆肉乳用草食动物营养重点实验室,新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧总站,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2023年第1期14-21,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860649);新疆农业大学博士后项目(2020年);新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2022D04004)。

摘　　要：旨在研究不同谷物日粮对断奶马驹体重、体尺及营养物质表观消化率的影响,探究不同谷物对马驹生长发育和养分表观消化率的影响。选择出生日期相近、5月龄断奶的健康哈萨克马公驹18匹,平均体重(112.39±7.50) kg相近的原则随机分为3组,每组6匹,分别为玉米组、燕麦组和大麦组。在相同的粗饲料条件下,按照公斤体重补喂淀粉2 g(干物质基础)确定精料补充料的补喂量。玉米组补喂含有蒸汽压片玉米的精料补充料,燕麦组补喂含有蒸汽压片燕麦的精料补充料,大麦组补喂含有蒸汽压片大麦的精料补充料。进行为期60 d的饲喂试验。结果表明,0~30 d总增重及平均日增重,玉米组和大麦组均极显著高于燕麦组,分别提高了35.09%、56.36%、35.14%和54.05%(P<0.01);0~60 d总增重及平均日增重,玉米组和大麦组均显著高于燕麦组,分别提高了25.47%、35.09%、25.58%和34.88%(P<0.05)。体斜长各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。0~30 d及0~60 d体高总增高,玉米组和大麦组分别比燕麦组提高了49.26%、43.35%、27.90%和40.86%(P>0.05);胸围和管围指标各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。营养物质表观消化率,干物质、有机物、能量、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、钙及磷消化率无显著差异(P>0.05)。营养物质表观代谢率,玉米组和大麦组沉积氮分别比燕麦组显著提高了23.17%和29.57%(P<0.05),玉米组和大麦组氮代谢率分别比燕麦组提高了20.01%和25.09%(P<0.05)。玉米组和大麦组粪中的钙分别高于燕麦组,但玉米组显著提高了30.81%(P<0.05)。燕麦组尿中的钙显著高于玉米组,提高了69.31%(P<0.05)。玉米组和大麦组的磷代谢率较燕麦组分别提高了4.19%和3.95%(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,补喂玉米和大麦能显著提高马驹的总增重并提高营养物质的表观消化率,同时补喂大麦可以提高氮代谢率。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different single grain diets on the weight,body measurements and apparent digestibility of nutrients of weaned foals,and to explore the effects of different grains on the growth and development of foals and apparent digestibility of nutrients.Eighteen healthy Kazakh stallions weaned at the age of 5 months with similar birth dates and similar average weight(112.39±7.50)kg were randomly divided into three groups,6 in each group,namely corn group,oats group and barley group.Under the same roughage conditions,the supplementary feeding amount of concentrate supplement was determined according to 2 g of starch(dry matter basis)per kg of body weight.Corn group was supplemented with concentrate supplement containing steam-pressed flakes of corn,oats group with concentrate supplement containing steam-pressed flakes of oats,and barley group with concentrate supplement containing steam-pressed flakes of barley.A feeding experiment was conducted for 60 days.The results showed that:The total weight gain and average daily weight gain in 0-30 d were significantly higher in corn group and barley group than in oats group,which were increased by 35.09%,56.36%,35.14%and 54.05%,respectively(P<0.01);From 0 to 60 days,the total weight gain and average daily weight gain of corn group and barley group were significantly higher than those of oats group,which increased by 25.47%,35.09%,25.58%and 34.88%,respectively(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in body tilt length among groups(P>0.05).The body height of corn group and barley group increased by 49.26%,43.35%,27.90%and 40.86%,respectively(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in chest circumference and tube circumference between each group(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of nutrients,dry matter,organic matter,energy,crude protein,acidic detergent fiber,calcium and phosphorus had no significant difference(P>0.05).The apparent metabolism of nutrients,nitrogen deposition,corn and barley group increased by 23.17%

关 键 词：谷物淀粉 断奶马驹 体重 体尺 表观消化率 

分 类 号：S821.5[农业科学—畜牧学]