青藏高原生态修复格局空间优化  

Spatial optimization of ecological restoration patterns on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：谢李园 张路[2] 万五星[1] 王效科[2] XIE Liyuan;ZHANG Lu;WAN Wuxing;WANG Xiaoke(College of Life Science,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学生命科学学院,石家庄050024 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2023年第2期78-86,共9页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42171285);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0308);中国科学院先导专项(XDA20020402)。

摘　　要：明确生态问题的空间特征及生态修复的空间格局,是提高生态服务的重要手段。尽管国内外对退化生态系统恢复重建已有诸多研究和探索,但是基于多个生态问题的协同治理格局尚不明确。因此,如何以多个生态问题的治理为主要目标,使用最小的面积获得最大的修复效果是急需解决的问题。通过收集数据模拟青藏高原水土流失、沙化、石漠化、森林和草地质量持续下降等生态问题,明确青藏高原主要生态问题空间特征,使用Zonation模型对各生态问题进行空间协同优化,识别青藏高原优先修复区。通过分析,青藏高原水土流失主要分布在青藏高原东南高山峡谷地区,沙化严重区域主要分布在南疆、西藏自治区的北部和西北部以及青海省西北部,石漠化以轻度石漠化为主,主要分布于青藏高原东部边缘地区、云南省西北与四川省西南交界的区域和西藏自治区与四川省交界区域。对比几种主要的修复目标发现,优先修复青藏高原30%的生态问题严重区域是比较适宜的选择。基于青藏高原主要生态问题空间协同优化结果与现有保护地和生态修复工程对比,划定阿里-藏北高原修复区、念青-唐古拉山修复区和三江并流修复区,在以上区域开展生态修复,修复4.81%的区域将会提升17.40%水源涵养服务、13.73%土壤保持服务和7.85%固碳服务。Clarifying the spatial characteristics of ecological problems and the spatial pattern of ecological restoration is one of the important means to improve ecological services.At present,there have been many researches and explorations on the restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems at home and abroad.However,the collaborative governance pattern based on multiple ecological problems is not clear.Therefore,how to take the governance of multiple ecological problems as the main goal and use the minimum area to obtain the maximum restoration effect is an urgent problem to be solved.By collecting data to simulate the ecological problems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,such as soil erosion,desertification,rocky desertification,forest quality and grassland quality,the spatial characteristics of the main ecological problems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are clarified,and the Zonation model is used to accomplish the spatial collaborative optimization for each ecological problem,thus identifying the priority restoration areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Through the analysis,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau soil erosion is mainly distributed in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine valley,and desertification serious areas are mainly distributed in southern of Xinjiang,north and northwest of Tibet autonomous region,and northwest of Qinghai.The light rocky desertification is the main characteristic,mainly distributed in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area,northwest of Yunnan and Sichuan southwest border areas,border areas between Sichuan and Tibet.Comparing several main scenarios,it is found that it is a more appropriate choice to give priority to repairing 30%of the areas with serious ecological problems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on the results of spatial collaborative optimization of major ecological issues on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the existing conservation areas,the restoration areas of the Ngari-Northern Tibet Plateau,Qomolangma,Nyenqantanggula and the Parallel flow of the Three Riv

关 键 词：生态问题 协同优化 生态修复 青藏高原 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]