从系统演化看维特根斯坦的语言概念  

On Wittgenstein's Concept of Language from the Perspective of System Evolution

作　　者：赵德高 ZHAO Degao(institute of Basic Theory,Party School of CPC Nanchong Municipal Committee,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中共南充市委党校基础理论研究室,四川南充637000

出　　处：《安康学院学报》2023年第2期97-103,共7页Journal of Ankang University

摘　　要：在维特根斯坦看来,语言本身不是先验给定的,而是前语言的感觉行为不断演化扩展的产物。对语言本质的这一独特理解使得维特根斯坦的语言概念体现出极为鲜明的系统论与还原论特点:一方面,语词本身并不是独立的,而是与行为及其周边环境构成一个综合性的结构系统,在这一结构系统中,语词仅仅作为要素而存在。由于在系统中要素本身并没有独立的意义,任何要素的意义都是由围绕着它的其他要素决定的,因此对语词意义的解释最终只能是一种替代解释。另一方面,既然语言游戏是从前语言的感觉行为中演化出来的,那么要从根本上、总体上把握语言的本质,就必须抛弃形而上学的实体、客体概念,而代之以演化性的“本—末”“源—流”概念,那种高度概念化、抽象化的成熟语言呈现给我们的顶多是语言的末流而非语言的本源,语言的真正本源深藏在原始的感觉行为中。对语言概念的这一还原论理解,使得维特根斯坦从根本上突破了语言学的语言概念的局限性,将语言概念拓展到原初的感觉行为领域。In Wittgenstein's view,language itself is not given a priori,but the product of the continuous evolution and expansion of the pre-linguistic sensory behavior.This unique understanding of the nature of language makes Wittgenstein's concept of language embody very distinct characteristics of systematology and Reductionism:on the one hand,words themselves are not independent,but constitute a comprehensive structural system with behavior and its surrounding environment.In this structural system,words exist only as elements.Since the elements themselves have no independent meaning in the system,and the meaning of any element is deteimined by other elements surrounding it,the interpretation of word meaning can only be an alternative interpretation.On the other hand,since the language game evolved from the pre-linguistic sensory behavior,in order to fundamentally and generally grasp the essence of language,we must abandon the metaphysical concepts of entity or object and replace them with the evolutionary concepts of"originiend"and"source-flow".The highly conceptualized and abstract mature language presents us at most the end of the language rather than the origin of the language,The real origin of language lies in the primitive sensory behavior.This reductionist understanding of the concept of language makes Wittgenstein fundamentally break through the limitations of the linguistic concept of language,and expand the concept of language to the field of original sensory behavior.

关 键 词：语言游戏 感觉行为 系统演化 还原论 

分 类 号：N949[自然科学总论—系统科学]