采收和贮藏时间对宽叶缬草种子发芽的影响  

Effect of Harvesting and Storage Time on the Germination of Valeriana officinalis Seeds

作　　者：杨俊春 陶光林 张家春[3] 杨汉成 YANG Junchun;TAO Guanglin;ZHANG Jiachun;YANG Hancheng(Agricultural Industry Development Center,Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jianhe County,Jianhe Guizhou 556400,China;Institute of Forestry Science,Qiandongnan Prefecture,Kaili Guizhou 55600,China;Guizhou Provincial Botanical Garden,Guiyang 556004,China)

机构地区：[1]剑河县农业农村局县农业产业发展中心,贵州剑河556400 [2]黔东南州林业科学研究所,贵州凯里556000 [3]贵州省植物园,贵阳550004

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2023年第1期18-23,29,共7页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：黔东南州林业局农业专项资金项目“不同森林类型林下中药材品种筛选与种植示范”。

摘　　要：为解决宽叶缬草种子育苗技术瓶颈,找到最佳采收、贮藏及播种时间,采用同田对比裂区试验设计,按3个不同的成熟度采收种子和4种不同的贮藏时间处理,共设计12个实验处理,研究不同采收时间种子特性、不同采收时间和贮藏时间交互下浸种发芽情况。结果表明,从种子穗存结实粒和千粒重均表现为B 3>B 2>B 1;发芽势和发芽率的高低顺序表现为B 2>B 3>B 1;不同贮藏时间的发芽率高低顺序是当年采种贮藏20 d>71 d>91 d>181 d,而且贮藏20 d与其他三个时间段存在极显著差异。宽叶缬草种子最佳采收期是种子变黄褐20%,茎秆变黄20%,且种子冠毛90%未脱落,花已凋谢90%;宽叶缬草种子最佳播种期是随采随处理随播,剑河县的宽叶缬草采种时间为5月中下旬,贮藏时间为20 d,播种时间在6月上中旬。To find the best time for harvesting,storage and sowing in order to solve the technical bottleneck of Valeriana officinalis seed nursery.A total of 12 experimental treatments were designed to investigate the characteristics of seeds harvested at different harvesting times and the germination of soaked seeds under the interaction of different harvesting and storage times using a comparative split-zone experimental design in the same field,with seeds harvested at three different maturity levels and four different storage time treatments.The results showed that B 3>B 2>B 1 in descending order of the number of seeds kept in the seed spike and thousand seed weight.The order of germination potential and germination rate was B 2>B 3>B 1.The order of germination percentage at different storage times was 20 d>71 d>91 d>181 d for seeds harvested in the same year,and there was a highly significant difference between 20 d and the other three storage times.The best time to harvest Valeriana officinalis seeds was when the seeds turn yellowish brown by 20%,the stalks turn yellow by 20%and 90%of the seed crown hairs were not shed and the flowers had withered by 90%.The best time to sow Valeriana officinalis seeds was when they were picked and treated,the Valeriana officinalis seeds in Jianhe were picked in mid to late May,stored for 20d and sown in early to mid June.

关 键 词：宽叶缬草 种子 采收时间 贮藏时间 发芽率 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]