不同软枣猕猴桃雄株花粉离体培养条件及花粉性状的比较  

Comparison of pollen culture in vitro conditions and pollen traits of different male plants of Actinidia arguta

作　　者：张良英 刘林 翟秋喜[1] 于强波[1] 刘嘉琳 魏丽红[1] 卜庆雁[1] 杜玉虎[1] ZHANG Liangying;LIU Lin;ZHAI Qiuxi;YU Qiangbo;LIU Jialin;WEI Lihong;BU Qingyan;DU Yuhu(Liaoning Agricultural Technical College,Yingkou 115009,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁农业职业技术学院,辽宁营口115009

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第1期255-264,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2021-YKLH-06);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(L202003,L201902);辽宁农业职业技术学院科研项目(2020-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】为初步筛选授粉性状优良的软枣猕猴桃雄株提供依据,进而促进授粉雄株的合理配置及育种效率的提高。【方法】对15份雄株的花粉离体培养条件、萌发特性和花粉量进行了测定与比较。【结果】1)软枣猕猴桃花粉萌发和花粉管生长所需的适宜离体培养条件略有不同,总体来看,适宜花粉培养的蔗糖浓度为5.0%~10.0%,硼酸浓度为25~50 mg/L,培养温度为30℃,最佳观察时间为4.5~6.0 h。2)不同雄株的花粉量及花粉萌发特性存在明显的株间差异。单花花药数的变幅为32.67~47.88枚,单药花粉量为3267~26000粒。单花花粉量,S3和S13的均较多,均超过1000000粒;S4、S6的均较少,均低于150000粒。15份雄株的花粉萌发率均较高,其中,Z1与S8的萌发率达到90%以上,Z2、S4、S9的萌发率虽均较低,但也都在65%以上;花粉管长度,Z1、S2与S8的均相对较高,均极显著高于其余雄株的。3)依据单花花粉量、萌发率与花粉管长度进行聚类分析,15份雄株可分为4个类群:类群1的萌发率、花粉管长度最高,单花花粉量也较高但其变幅大,筛选结果表明,Z1的综合表现较好;类群2的单花花粉量最高且其变幅小,其萌发率和花粉管长度也都相对较高;类群3和类群4的8个雄株则存在单花花粉量少、萌发率偏低或花粉管生长速度慢等缺点。【结论】以单花花粉量、花粉萌发率及花粉管长度为参考依据,Z1和类群2的授粉性状均较优,均可考虑用作进一步优选的候选授粉树。【Objective】This study preliminarily screened for the male plants of Actinidia arguta with excellent pollen characteristics,providing scientific basis for rational selection of male plants for pollination and improving breeding efficiency.【Method】The pollen culture in vitro conditions,germination characteristics and pollen amount of 15 male plants were studied.【Result】1)The optimum in vitro culture conditions for pollen germination and pollen tube growth of A.arguta were slightly different.In general,the optimum concentration of sucrose for pollen culture was about from 5.0 to 10.0%.The optimum boric acid concentration was 25-50 mg/L.The temperature of 30℃and the culture time of 4-6 hours were most favorable for pollen culture.2)There were obvious differences among different male plants in pollen quantity and pollen germination characteristics.The number of anthers per flower varied from 32.67 to 47.88,and the pollen quantity per anther was from 3267 to 26000.S3 and S13 had the highest pollen quantity per flower,reaching more than 1000000 grains.However,the lowest pollen quantity per flower was less than 150000,which existed in S4 and S6.The pollen germination rate of 15 male plants was generally high,and that of Z1 and S8 even reached more than 90%.Although the germination rate of Z2,S4 and S9 was lowest,it was also more than 65%.The pollen tube length of Z1,S2 and S8 was extremely significant higher than that of other male plants.3)Taking pollen quantity per flower,germination rate and pollen tube length as the variables,cluster analysis was performed.15 male plants were divided into 4 groups,in which the germination rate and pollen tube length of the first group were highest.Although the pollen quantity per flower of this group was also higher,but the range of it was large.Through intercomparison of different male plants in the same group,Z1 was considered to have better comprehensive performance in the first group.The second group had the highest pollen quantity per flower and the smallest range

关 键 词：软枣猕猴桃 花粉量 花粉培养 萌发率 花粉管长度 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]