诱导蜂王滞育与出蛰方法对短头熊蜂繁育特性的影响  

Effects of inducing queen diapause and diapause-breaking methods on the colony reproductive characteristics of the bumblebee, Bombus breviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

作　　者：秦加敏 宗德琴[1] 展江 梁铖[1] QIN Jia-Min;ZONG De-Qin;ZHAN Jiang;LIANG Cheng(Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mengzi 661101,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所,蒙自661101

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2023年第3期338-350,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860685);云南省科技厅-云南大学联合基金(2019FY003026);云南省农业科学院应用基础研究专项(YJM201807);国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-44-SYZ14)。

摘　　要：【目的】驯化本土熊蜂为农作物授粉,是现代农业与生态保护协同发展的高质量之路。本研究旨在探明诱导云南本土优势熊蜂种——短头熊蜂Bombus breviceps蜂王滞育与出蛰方法对繁育特性的影响,以优化饲养关键技术,提高繁育效率。【方法】通过对短头熊蜂蜂王不同滞育期体重及存活率变化的统计,以及饲养不同体重、不同滞育期(滞育历时30, 60, 90, 120和150 d)和不同诱导出蛰方法(未经处理对照组、5℃冷藏90 d以及CO_(2)处理5和30 min)处理的蜂王,记录蜂群发育(蜂王产卵前期、始见工蜂历时、始见子代蜂王历时、始见雄性蜂历时、蜂群工蜂数量达到6头历时、蜂群工蜂数量达到30头历时、蜂群工蜂数量达到60头历时及建群蜂王寿命)、群势(工蜂数量和子代蜂王数量)、繁育效率[蜂王产卵率、蜂群可应用率(工蜂数量50头以上的蜂群比例)和子代蜂王生产率]等繁育特性指标,并进行比较分析。【结果】短头熊蜂成功交尾的蜂王体重符合正态分布,范围在0.4513~1.1928 g之间,平均为(0.8969±0.1219) g,出现频率最高的体重范围是0.8733~0.9788 g,占比61.2%。滞育期蜂王存活率与体重呈极显著正相关,二者均随滞育历时的延长而下降,滞育历时超过120 d时,蜂王存活率急剧下降。蜂王滞育前体重分别与蜂王产卵前期、蜂群始见工蜂历时、始见子代蜂王历时、始见雄性蜂历时、蜂群工蜂数量达到6头历时、蜂群工蜂数量达到30头历时、蜂群工蜂数量达到60头历时、建群蜂王寿命、工蜂数量及子代蜂王数量相关性都不显著,但是中等体重(0.8733~0.9788 g)的蜂王建群后子代蜂王生产率更高;蜂王滞育前体重和滞育历时对蜂群发育和群势的影响不产生交互作用,滞育历时与蜂群产生的工蜂数量和子代蜂王数量相关性不显著,但与蜂王产卵前期、始见工蜂历时、始见子代蜂王历时、始见雄性蜂历时【Aim】Domesticating native bumblebees for crop pollination is an effective way to achieve coordinated development of modern agriculture and ecological conservation.This study aims to investigate the effects of inducing queen diapause and diapause-breaking methods on the colony reproductive breeding characteristics of Bombus breviceps,the dominant species in Yunnan Province,southwestern China,so as to optimize key rearing techniques and improve breeding efficiency.【Methods】Through the statistics of the changes in the body weight and survival rates of B.breviceps queens at different diapause stages,as well as the rearing of queens with different body weights,different diapause periods(diapause duration of 30,60,90,120 and 150 d)and different diapause-breaking methods(control group not subjected to any treatment,cold storage at 5℃for 90 d,and CO_(2) treatment for 5 and 30 min,respectively),the breeding characteristics such as colony development(pre-oviposition period,duration up to the first worker emergence,duration up to the first progeny queen emergence,duration up to the first male emergence,duration of the colony reaching 6 workers,duration of the colony reaching 30 workers,duration of the colony reaching 60 workers and longevity of foundress queens),colony strength(number of workers and number of progeny queens)and breeding efficiency[proportion of queens laying eggs,proportion of applicable colonies(proportion of colonies producing 50 or more workers)and proportion of colonies producing progeny queen]were recorded and compared.【Results】The body weight of mated B.breviceps queens was in a normal distribution,ranging from 0.4513 g to 1.1928 g,with an average of(0.8969±0.1219)g.The most frequent body weight range was 0.8733-0.9788 g,accounting for 61.2%.There was an extremely significantly positive correlation between the survival rate and the body weight of queen at the diapause stage,and both of them decreased with the extension of diapause duration.When the diapause duration exceeded 120 d,the q

关 键 词：短头熊蜂 滞育 CO_(2)处理 冷藏 蜂群发育 群势 繁育效率 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]