数控系统S型加减速控制方法研究  

Research on S-type Acceleration and Deceleration Control Method of NC System

作　　者：程膺豪 贾衡 马欢 晏伟 蔡飞[1] Cheng Yinghao;Jia Heng;Ma Huan;Yan Wei;Cai Fei(Wuhan Huazhong Numerical Control Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉华中数控股份有限公司,武汉430223

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2023年第4期173-176,215,共5页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：2021年产业技术基础公共服务平台项目(编号:CEIEC-2021-ZM02-0171)。

摘　　要：为满足高速高精数控加工,保障机床加工性能与稳定性,提出一种误差补偿优化方法。基于微积分思想与等比例分配原则,通过多项式计算对理想插补过程与实际插补过程的误差开展分析原因,讨论了当前系统加减速过程中误差产生的原因,发现误差主要存在于插补过程中产生的弓高误差,构建了误差分配数学模型,将插补过程产生的弓高误差累和,根据速度变化规律平均分配在插补的整个过程中。MATLAB仿真结果表明,加入误差补偿优化后能有效实现速度的平滑过渡,同时减小了实际插补过程产生的位移误差,使得拟合曲线更加符合理想情况,保证了加工的稳定性和加工精度,且相比传统方法,优化后的算法复杂度更低,对分析机床加减速性能的研究有一定的参考价值。In order to meet the requirements of high-speed and high-precision NC machining and ensure the machining performance and stability of machine tools,an optimization method of error compensation was proposed.Based on the idea of calculus and the principle of equal proportion distribution,the causes of errors in the ideal interpolation process and the actual interpolation process were analyzed through polynomial calculation,the causes of errors in the acceleration and deceleration process of the current system were discussed,and it was found that the errors mainly existed in the bow height errors generated in the interpolation process.A mathematical model of error distribution was built to accumulate the bow height errors generated in the interpolation process.According to the speed change law,it was evenly distributed in the whole interpolation process.The simulation results on MATLAB show that adding error compensation optimization can effectively realize the smooth transition of speed,reduce the displacement error generated in the actual interpolation process,make the fitting curve more in line with the ideal situation,ensure the stability and accuracy of machining,and lower the complexity of the optimized algorithm compared with the traditional method.It has certain reference value for analyzing the acceleration and deceleration performance of machine tools.

关 键 词：加减速控制 S型曲线 误差 

分 类 号：TH123[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]