认可不忠诚的支持者——美印在国际规范进程中的互动关系  

Recognizing Disloyal Supporters:U.S.-India Relations in International Norm Dynamics

作　　者：王蕾 Wang Lei

机构地区：[1]复旦大学发展研究院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2023年第1期46-69,156,共25页South Asian Studies

摘　　要：近二十年来,面对美国推行的“自由规范”及部分国际规范,印度持续扮演“不忠诚的支持者”角色,拒斥对规范的充分履行,但同时口头表达对于规范的支持。美国则主动认可印度支持规范的意愿,这种认可不以印度调整自身行为、充分履行规范为前提。本文旨在解释霸权国为何公开认可“不忠诚的支持者”对于规范的承诺。当美国迫切需要使双边合作关系满足国内或国际舆论的规范期待,或是需要通过展示自己推行的规范对于他国的吸引力,应对来自意识形态或地缘政治上的竞争对手的挑战时,对于印度支持规范的意愿的公开认可是用于满足其需求的策略。美国的这一选择使印度得以通过口头表达对规范的支持获取政治收益,同时鼓励了印度对于美国的压力措施保持反抗的姿态。Over the past twenty years as the United States has continued to promote“liberal norms”and international institutions,India has continued to play the role of a“disloyal supporter.”While voicing some support for these norms,India has at the same time rejected full compliance with them.In turn,the United States recognizes India's willingness to support the norms,without actually requiring that India adjust its behavior or fully comply with them.This article aims to explain why a hegemonic power openly recognizes the commitments of“disloyal supporters”to norms.When the United States urgently needs to meet domestic or international expectations for bilateral cooperation or needs to respond to challenges from ideological or geopolitical competitors by demonstrating the attractiveness of the norms it promotes,it finds strategic benefits in publicly recognizing India's willingness to support these norms.Such an approach by the United States enables India to obtain political benefits by verbally expressing support for norms,while creating incentives for India to resist U.S.pressure to comply.

关 键 词：国际规范 美印关系 霸权国 认可 规范承诺 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D835.1[政治法律—外交学]