湿地碳汇开发利用的几个热点问题研究  

The Several Hot Issues about the Wetland GHG Sink Utilization

作　　者：张称意[1] 李贵才[2] 胡国权[1] 曹云 袁佳双 郭广芬 周晓宇 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081 [2]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [3]国家气象中心,北京100081 [4]湖北省气候中心,武汉430074 [5]辽宁省气候中心,沈阳110001

出　　处：《中国能源》2023年第1期31-39,共9页Energy of China

基　　金：中国气象局东北区域中心生态气象创新实验室开放基金(编号:Stqx201703);以清洁能源淡化海水促进生态修复和应对气候变化的可行路径及综合效益研究(编号:SGGEIG00JYJS2000053)。

摘　　要：湿地碳汇对我国实现“双碳”目标是不可或缺的,我国已将湿地碳汇能力巩固提升作为碳达峰行动方案的重要部分。本文基于对湿地的广泛定义,针对当前湿地碳汇利用的几个热点问题,阐述了水湿条件是湿地碳汇形成的驱动与可持续利用的基础;分析了库差法进行湿地碳汇计量应注意的甲烷排放、碳库测定误差大、水平通量计算等问题;概括了项目级别湿地碳汇利用的独特之处,诸如:基准情景、额外性、GHG泄漏等;也提出了将湿地碳汇纳入自愿减排市场或抵扣强制减排量,仍需制定可执行的政策与技术规范的建议,以及湿地碳汇计量与核查可靠而易行的方法。The carbon sink of wetlands is indispensable to reach the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The nation-wide consolidation and promotion of wetlands carbon sinks have currently been formulated into the action plans for carbon peak by Chinese central government and local governments.From a broad applicable view on wetland's definition,this paper focused some hot issues in the wetlands carbon sink utilizations,clarified that the water wet conditions are the driving force for the formation of wetland carbon sink and the basis for sustainable utilization;analyzed some aspects during the carbon stock estimation by the stock-difference method,such as methane emissions,big bias or errors existed in the measure of carbon stock,inclusive of lateral carbon fluxes;summarized some specialties about the estimation of project wetland carbon sink,for example the baseline scenario,additionality,GHG leakage.It also proposed some policy suggestions,for example,including the wetland carbon sink into the voluntary market,formulating related policy and technical code,developing measurement and verification methods of wetland carbon sink.

关 键 词：湿地碳汇 库差法 项目碳汇 碳汇交易 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]