教育进步缩小了城乡收入差距吗?  

Has Education Progress Narrowed the Urban-rural Income Gap?

作　　者：张冲 肖杨 ZHANG Chong;XIAO Yang(School of Marxism,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China;School of Law and Sociology,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学马克思主义学院,四川成都611731 [2]西华大学法学与社会学学院,四川成都610039

出　　处：《人口与发展》2023年第2期151-160,共10页Population and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:新时代人口长期均衡发展目标、指标及测度研究(21BRK007)。

摘　　要：教育进步是推动经济高质量发展的有效举措,也是实现共同富裕的重要手段。基于2010年-2020年中国内地31个省(区、市)的面板数据,运用空间计量模型研究教育进步对城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现,城乡收入差距具有显著的空间自相关性,表现出“高-高”型集聚与“低-低”型集聚的空间特征;平均受教育年限对城乡收入差距具有显著的空间溢出效应,表现出较为稳健的倒“U”型曲线关系,即随着平均受教育年限的延长,城乡收入差距先扩大,后缩小,长远来看,延长平均受教育年限有利于缩小城乡收入差距;高等教育对城乡收入差距的影响表现出显著的负向空间溢出效应,进一步佐证了教育进步对缩小城乡收入差距的积极作用。建议推动教育资源均衡发展,增加农村人力资本投资,优化高素质人才空间分布,助力乡村振兴、实现共同富裕。Educational progress is an effective measure to promote high-quality economic development and an important means to achieve common prosperity.Based on the panel data of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in from 2010 to 2020,this paper uses a spatial econometric model to study the impact of educational progress on the urban-rural income gap.The results show that the urban-rural income gap has significant spatial autocorrelation,showing the spatial characteristics of“high-high”type agglomeration and“low-low”type agglomeration;the average years of education has a significant spatial spillover effect on the urban-rural income gap.It shows a relatively stable inverted“U”curve relationship,that is,with the extension of the average years of education,the urban-rural income gap first widens and then narrows.In the long run,extending the average number of years of education will help narrow the urban-rural income gap;higher education the impacton the urban-rural income gap shows a significant negative spatial spillover effect,which further proves the positive effect of educational progress on narrowing the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,it is suggested to promote the balanced development of educational resources,increase rural human capital investment,optimize the spatial distribution of high-quality talents,so as to help rural revitalization and achieve common prosperity.

关 键 词：教育进步 城乡收入差距 空间计量模型 乡村振兴 共同富裕 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]